Slide 1

Chapter 12 Study Notes Earthquakes

Slide 2

1 A ____ wave is a seismic wave that travels through the _____ of the earth. body interior

Slide 3

2 A _______ is a small earthquake that may precede a ______ earthquake. foreshock larger

Slide 4

3 A modern _______ consists of _____ sensing devices. seismograph three

Slide 5

4 A ______ ______ is an area in which strong earthquakes have occurred in the ______. seismic gap past

Slide 6

5 A ______ displays earthquake motion ________ by a seismograph. seismogram recorded

Slide 7

6 A _______ is an instrument that records the ground _______. seismograph vibrations

Slide 8

7 A __________ is an area where no direct ______ _____ from a particular earthquake can be detected. shadow zone seismic waves

Slide 9

8 A ______ wave is a seismic wave that travels along the _______ of the earth. surface

Slide 10

9 A ______ is a large ocean _____ that forms after a volcanic eruption, underwater earthquake, or landslide. tsunami wave

Slide 11

10 As tsunamis move toward shore the waves _______ in _____. increase height

Slide 12

11 Before and after an earthquake you should stay _______ and follow ________. cautious instructions

Slide 13

12 During a _____ earthquake, buildings may _____ or _______. major sway collapse

Slide 14

13 Earths interior affects the _____ and _______ of seismic waves. speed direction

Slide 15

14 Earthquake _______ is _________. prediction unreliable

Slide 16

15 Earthquakes generally occur at _____ _______ where stress on rocks is the ________. plate boundaries greatest

Slide 17

16 _______ ________is the ______ return of deformed rock to its ________ shape. Elastic rebound sudden undeformed

Slide 18

17 If you are ______ during an earthquake, you should crouch under _____. indoors desk

Slide 19

18 _____ is the amount of _______ caused by an earthquake. Intensity damage

Slide 20

19 Intensity ____ on the modified Mercalli scale is described as causing _____ __________. XII total destruction

Slide 21

20 ________ is a measure of the ______ of an earthquake. Magnitude strength

Slide 22

21 P _______ are the ______ body waves. waves fastest

Slide 23

22 P waves can travel through ______, ______, and _______. solids liquids gases

Slide 24

23 P waves travel _______ through very _____ and not easily _______ materials. fastest rigid compressed

Slide 25

24 S waves can only travel through ______. solids

Slide 26

25 Scientists find the _______ of an earthquake by comparing the ______ times of P waves and S waves at _____ or more seismograph stations. epicenter arrival three

Slide 27

26 Scientists study ______ ______, ____ ______, and _______ in order to predict earthquakes. seismic gaps rock changes foreshocks

Slide 28

27 The _______ of an earthquake is the point on Earths _______ directly above the earthquakes focus. epicenter surface

Slide 29

28 The ______ ______ of an earthquake occurs at the _____. first motion focus

Slide 30

29 The _______ _______ scale measures the _________ of an earthquake. modified Mercalli intensity

Slide 31

30 The moment magnitude scale measures the ________ of an earthquake by the _____ size and the ______ that the fault blocks move. magnitude fault distance

Slide 32

31 The _______ _______ scale measures the ________ of large earthquakes the most ________. moment magnitude accurately

Slide 33

32 The Richter scale is based on ________. magnitude

Slide 34

33 The Richter scale measures the _____ of an earthquake using ______ ______. magnitude ground motion

Slide 35

34 _______ _______, ________, and undersea ________ may all cause a tsunami. Volcanic eruptions earthquakes landslides

Slide 36

35 When seismologists record ______ times of P waves and S waves at three or more seismograph stations, they are looking for the earthquakes ________. arrival epicenter

Slide 37

36 You can prepare for an earthquake by gathering _____, _____, _______, and a portable _____. food water flashlights radio

Slide 38

The End