Transcript
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- Chapter 12 Study Notes Earthquakes
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- 1 A ____ wave is a seismic wave that travels through the _____ of the earth. body interior
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- 2 A _______ is a small earthquake that may precede a ______ earthquake. foreshock larger
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- 3 A modern _______ consists of _____ sensing devices. seismograph three
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- 4 A ______ ______ is an area in which strong earthquakes have occurred in the ______. seismic gap past
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- 5 A ______ displays earthquake motion ________ by a seismograph. seismogram recorded
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- 6 A _______ is an instrument that records the ground _______. seismograph vibrations
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- 7 A __________ is an area where no direct ______ _____ from a particular earthquake can be detected. shadow zone seismic waves
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- 8 A ______ wave is a seismic wave that travels along the _______ of the earth. surface
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- 9 A ______ is a large ocean _____ that forms after a volcanic eruption, underwater earthquake, or landslide. tsunami wave
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- 10 As tsunamis move toward shore the waves _______ in _____. increase height
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- 11 Before and after an earthquake you should stay _______ and follow ________. cautious instructions
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- 12 During a _____ earthquake, buildings may _____ or _______. major sway collapse
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- 13 Earths interior affects the _____ and _______ of seismic waves. speed direction
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- 14 Earthquake _______ is _________. prediction unreliable
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- 15 Earthquakes generally occur at _____ _______ where stress on rocks is the ________. plate boundaries greatest
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- 16 _______ ________is the ______ return of deformed rock to its ________ shape. Elastic rebound sudden undeformed
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- 17 If you are ______ during an earthquake, you should crouch under _____. indoors desk
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- 18 _____ is the amount of _______ caused by an earthquake. Intensity damage
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- 19 Intensity ____ on the modified Mercalli scale is described as causing _____ __________. XII total destruction
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- 20 ________ is a measure of the ______ of an earthquake. Magnitude strength
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- 21 P _______ are the ______ body waves. waves fastest
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- 22 P waves can travel through ______, ______, and _______. solids liquids gases
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- 23 P waves travel _______ through very _____ and not easily _______ materials. fastest rigid compressed
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- 24 S waves can only travel through ______. solids
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- 25 Scientists find the _______ of an earthquake by comparing the ______ times of P waves and S waves at _____ or more seismograph stations. epicenter arrival three
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- 26 Scientists study ______ ______, ____ ______, and _______ in order to predict earthquakes. seismic gaps rock changes foreshocks
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- 27 The _______ of an earthquake is the point on Earths _______ directly above the earthquakes focus. epicenter surface
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- 28 The ______ ______ of an earthquake occurs at the _____. first motion focus
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- 29 The _______ _______ scale measures the _________ of an earthquake. modified Mercalli intensity
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- 30 The moment magnitude scale measures the ________ of an earthquake by the _____ size and the ______ that the fault blocks move. magnitude fault distance
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- 31 The _______ _______ scale measures the ________ of large earthquakes the most ________. moment magnitude accurately
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- 32 The Richter scale is based on ________. magnitude
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- 33 The Richter scale measures the _____ of an earthquake using ______ ______. magnitude ground motion
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- 34 _______ _______, ________, and undersea ________ may all cause a tsunami. Volcanic eruptions earthquakes landslides
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- 35 When seismologists record ______ times of P waves and S waves at three or more seismograph stations, they are looking for the earthquakes ________. arrival epicenter
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- 36 You can prepare for an earthquake by gathering _____, _____, _______, and a portable _____. food water flashlights radio
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- The End