chapter 13 age of exploration 1450 – 1750. i. reasons for voyages of exploration a. god, glory,...
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B. Economics expansion of trade precious metals spice trade
Mercantilism *econ. theory 1. wealth = power 2. increase gold & silver supply 3. balance of trade export more goods than import
E. Adventure ex. Marco Polo “The Travels” journey to China & Japan
F. Advances in Technology of Exploration:1. Cartography *science of map making Latitude *distance north & south of Equator Longitude *distance east & west Navigation (ship to drive)
4. Better Ships: Caravel *multiple masts Lateen *triangle shaped sail against wind Rudder ships sail closer
II. Portuguese Explorations *lead way in voyages of expansion A. Prince Henry “The Navigator” 1419 Sagres *school for sailors
D. Bartholomew Dias *rounded tip of Africa 1487 named it: Cape of Storms Cape of Good Hope *renamed by King John II passage to India
F. Admiral Albuquerque 1510 Goa *set up port on west coast of India stopping station to Spice Islands, China & Japan
III. Spanish Exploration A. Christopher Columbus **European discover of New World
Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand *sponsored voyage gold & riches new trade routes spread Christianity
Columbian Exchange bt. New World & Old World*plants, animals, & diseases New World - potatoes, corn, turkeys, gold & silver Old World - wheat, horses, guns, & small pox
B. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 *divided “New World” bt. Spain & Portugal Line of Demarcation 48 West Longitude imaginary line ran bt. Poles East Portugal West Spain
Spain Portugal
New Spain *Spanish Empire in New World 2 Goals of Spain *exploit wealth *convert natives to Christianity
New Spain
11 months ago: Conservators at the Library of Congress in Washington, clean and assemble the state-of-the-art encasement for the 1507 world map by Martin Waldseemuller, the first map known to use the name "America," which is being encased, Monday, Dec. 3, 2007 at the library in Washington. The map spent nearly 400 years in obscurity in the library of a castle in southern Germany and was rediscovered in 1901. The Library of Congress purchased the map for $10 million in 2003.
D. Vasco Balboa 1511 *1st European to see Pacific Ocean named it: South Sea - Great Waters *natives called it
Conquistadores *Spanish Conquerors
“The judgment of the Lord overtook them, and his strength supported my arm!” Cortes describing slaughter of Aztecs
IV. The Netherlands 1600’s Golden Age A. Amsterdam *worlds largest commercial city Dutch world’s highest standard of living
B. Dutch East India Company * trading co. sold stocks - $ finance voyages Capetown (Cape of Good Hope)
C. Francis Drake *1st Englishmen sail round world 1577 - 1580 English Piracy “Sea Dogs” raided Spanish Colonies
E. Jamestown, Virginia 1607 *1st permanent English settlement in N. America Capt. John Smith tobacco cash crop
VI. French Explorers A. Giovanni Da Verrazando 1524 Explored coast of N. Amer. Carolinas to Nova Scotia
C. Samuel De Champlain 603 - 1615 *Founder of New France = Quebec 1st permanent French settlement: Americas
VII. Slave Trade 1600 - 1800 A. 10 million *Africans sent to America as slaves The Middle Passage *slave ships voyage Africa - Americas
B. Triangular Trade Europe: manufactured goods traded for slaves Africa: supplied slaves (Middle Passage) Americas: sugar, cotton, tobacco