Exploration & ExpansionVoyages of Discovery

Ms. James

Voyages to Discovery

• What caused the Age of Exploration?1. Renaissance = spirit of discovery

2. Search for wealth• People want to find a faster way to India to get

trade goods

3. Advances in Technology

• Three G’s: Gold, God, & Glory

Routes to India• Sail east around Africa• (New Idea) Sail west…Opps New World

New Technology

• Explorers needed to calculate their location with a…

• Compass • Astrolabe

• Developed by Muslim Empires

New Technology Cont…

• Explorers needed a ship that can hold large cargos and withstand heavy waves…

• Caravel- was a light, fast sailing ship• Steered with rudder• Triangular Sails• Equipped with cannons

Portuguese Explorers

• Portugal’s Kings were patrons of the explorers…• King Henry the Navigator- ultimate goal

was to find a water route around Africa to India.

• Portuguese1. Bartolomeu Dias (map on next slide)

• First European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of Africa “Cape of Good Hope”

Portuguese Explorers Cont…

2. Vasco de Gama• First to make it

to Clicut, India and back to Portugal!

Portuguese Explorers Cont…

3. Pedro Cabral• Second trip to

India!• Sailed to Brazil

and Indonesia!• Lucrative

trading posts

Spanish Explorers

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella helped finance certain voyages!

1. Christopher Columbus (1492)• Columbus sails west to get to India…

inventive idea but flawed because the Americas are in the way!

• Sails to Caribbean Islands• Finds “Indians” and he believes he found

new route to India!

Columbus’ Route

Spanish Explorers Cont..

2. Amerigo Vespucci• First to realize that Columbus found

a “New World”, Americas named after him.

Spanish Explorers Cont…3. Vasco Nunez de

Balboa• Tried to find passage

at Isthmus of Panama. • Spanish realize there’s

another ocean to cross to get to India.

• First to reach Pacific Ocean from New World• Panama Canal

today!!!

Spanish Explorers Cont…

4. Ferdinand Magellan• Sails west to sail

AROUND WORLD!• Circumnavigate- sail

completely around the world.

• Left with 250 men, and returns with only 18 (Minus Magellan, he dies during voyage)

English Explorers• English

1. John Cabot, sailed to Canada

English Explorers Cont…

2. Sir Francis Drake, sailed to southern tip of South America and stopped over in modern day California. • #2 to circumnavigate the world.

English Explorers Cont…

3. Henry Hudson• Tried to find Northeast Passage, but found ice

instead. Not the last time we’ll see Hudson.

French Explorers• French

1. Jacques Cartier (1534 – 1535)• Sailed into the St.

Lawrence River in Canada “New France” or Newfoundland

• Fur Trade is very profitable.

Dutch Explorers• Dutch

1. Henry Hudson (Again, but for different country)• Explored Hudson Bay region, in search of

Northwest Passage

Henry’s search for the Northeast Passage

Explorers find new ways to make new routes…

• Can’t Go Over It. • Can’t Go Under It. • Can’t Go Around It. • Got to Go Through It.

Making Contact!• The beginning of conquest and colonies

occurs when explorers get off their ships in search of riches and land to claim for country!

• Cortes (Aztec Empire)• Pizarro (Inca Empire)

• REMEMBER • 3 G’s: God, Gold, & Glory

That’s All Folks