chapter 13: drug & alcohol use among adolescents by: briana tennon, khanda ward, skyyla ray,...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13: Drug & Alcohol Use Among Adolescents
By: Briana Tennon, Khanda Ward,
Skyyla Ray, Callon Green, Torie Bowie, Alivia Robinson, Shasha Carpenter, & Catherine Lamb
Adolescent Psychology
November 28, 2011
1. How old were you when you first experimented with drugs/alcohol?
2. What were your reasons for trying it? (peer pressure, home problems, depression, etc.)
3. Did your drinking habits affect those around you?
4. Has your drinking alcohol or using drugs ever caused you any of the following problems?
-car crash-arrested-trouble in school-damaged relationships-did something sexual that you later regretted-hurt someone else
5. How would your parents react if they found out?
Study of Jerald Bachman and His Collogues
• Analyzed more than 38,000 individuals
• Evaluated from high school seniors up through out their twenties
• Findings:– College students
drink more than youth who end their education after high school• Those who don’t
go to college smoke more
• -Singles use marijuana more than married couples
• Drinking is heaviest among singles and divorced in individuals
• Individuals who considered religion to be very important in their lives and who frequently attended religious services were less likely to take drugs than their less religious counterparts.
The Facts
• Usage– Most common from youth – Underage drinkers
• Drink more than adults• 190,000 emergency room
visits • Drinking levels
– Survey• 42% drank some amount of alcohol.• 24% binge drank.• 10% drove after drinking alcohol.• 28% rode with a driver who had been
drinking alcohol.• Other national surveys indicate
(Continued)• Consequences
– School • Absence• Bad grades
– Social• Fighting• Lack of participation
– Legal• Arrest• Physical altercations
– Physical • Hangover • Illnesses
– Sex• Unwanted• Unplanned• Unprotected
– Disruptions• Growth• Development
• Risk– Suicide – Homicide
• Memory problems• Use of other drugs • Death
– Alcohol poisoning
Teenage Drunk Drivers
• Causes many deaths – Also injuries
• Teens who drive drunk put themselves, passengers, and other drivers at risk.
• One third of teen deaths – 2000 of them
alcohol related
• When teens drive and drink, they usually :– Drink too much– Binge drink
• Most of them don’t think about the consequences of driving drunk.
Teen Alcohol Abuse
• Can be an issue– Hard on even the
most level headed parents
• Some think that teen alcohol abuse is a phase
• Teens who go through alcohol abuse become dependents of alcohol
• Average age is 14 – Age when
adolescents abuse alcohol
Sequence of Factors Related to Whether an Adolescent Would
Take Drugs by Age 12• Being born into a
high-risk family• *Experiencing an
increase in harsh parenting in childhood
• *Having conduct problems in school and getting rejected by peers in childhood
• *Experiencing increased conflict with parents in early adolescence
• *Having low parental monitoring by parents
• *Hanging out with deviant peers in early adolescence and increased substance use
Factors in Adolescents and Emerging Adult Drug
Use • Most adolescents become drug users at some point in their development
• Special concern involves those who begin in early adolescence
• Parents play an important role in preventing drug use
• Study facts:– A longitudinal
study of individuals from 8 to 42 years of age also found that early onset of drinking was linked to increased risk of heavy drinking in middle age.” (Pitkanen, Lyrra, and Pulkkinen, 2005)
**Trends**
• 1960’s and 70’s – Illicit drugs
• Youth– Turned to dugs• Political and
social unrest • University of
Michigan– Surveyed• 46000
students• Declined in
1980’s• Increased in
1990’s
• Most notable drugs– LSD– Cocaine – Cigarettes – Sedatives– Tranquilizers– Ecstasy
• Emerging adulthood– Drug use
increased
• Statistics– 20% of 18-25
year olds• Illicit drug use
– 11% of adolescents reported
The Facts!• Definition– Drug that alter an
individual’s perceptual experiences and produce hallucinations; also called psychedelic (mild-altering) drugs
• LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethlyamide)– Low dose still
strike perceptions
– Objects glow and change shape
– Colors become kaleidoscopic
– Emotional and cognitive effects
• Usage– Increased in
1990’s • Adolescents
Marijuana • Addictive • Statistics
– 1 in 6 becomes addictive if they start at an early age.
• Brain– Complex text
• Social Life & Academics– Poor grades– Goals– Low stamina (Athletes)
• Health– Lung injuries– Bronchitis
• Cure– Behavioral therapy
Methamphetamine • Known as “Crystal
Meth” • Stimulant to
cocaine – More addictive &
hazardous
• Danger– Increase blood
pressure– Rapid heart rate– Damage to brain
cells
• Effect on adolescents– Violent behavior– Anxiety– Paranoia– Insomnia
Ecstasy • Hallucinogen– Made in street
labs – Provides energy – Combats the
effect of other drugs• Downers• Depressants
• Comes in pill form– Many colors and
designs
• Adolescent usage– May suck on
pacifiers or chew gum to relieve tension in jaws
– Usually removes clothes
– Drink large amounts of water
• Symptoms– Irregular
heartbeat – Stroke– Jaw clenching– Seizures– Dilated pupils
The Facts • Definition– Drugs that
increase the activity of the central nervous system
• Can be physically addictive
• Most widely include:– Caffeine – Nicotine– Amphetamines– Cocaine
• Symptoms – Increase heart
rate, breathing, and temperature
– Decrease appetite
– Increases energy
• After effects:– Tired– Irritable– Depression – Headaches
Puff. . . Puff. . . Puff. . .
• Most wide spread dependencies– Nicotine
• Age– Usually start
under 21 years old
• Quitting – 9 out of 10 want
to stop – Once you start,
it’s hard to stop!
• Consequences– Cancer– Emphysema– Heart Disease
• Financial – Costly– Users spend
thousands each year• Side effects
– Stained teeth– Bad breath – Bad odor – Skin wrinkled
• Staying smoke free– More energy– Better performance
& looks– More money– Longer life to live
• Better health
Bath Salts• Most commonly
referred to a set of synthetic drugs. – Also known as plant
food
• It’s labeled not for human consumption – Anesthetic lidocaine
is what gives the adolescents their high.
• Form– Crystal or capsule
• Adolescent usage– Smoke it or snort it
• Effects– The nervous
system • Creates a
burst of energy• High blood
pressure• Fast heart rate• Anxiety • Muscle cramps
• Drugs that slow down the central nervous systems, bodily functions, and behavior
• Medically used to reduce anxiety and induce sleep
• Most widely used depressant is alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers
• Opiates (extremely dangerous) are less frequently used– depress the
activity of the central nervous system
• Commonly known as narcotics
• Among the most physically addictive drugs
• Barbiturates: induce sleep or reduce anxiety
• Tranquilizers: reduce anxiety and induce relaxation
Roofies
• Depressant– Relaxation– Drowsiness
• Dangerous– Combined with
alcohol or any other depressant
• Also known as the “Date Rape” drug – Sedates victims – Temporary
amnesia
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlrqaAjBwS4
Coricidin & Dextromethorphan • Latest
substance abuse trend involves taking over the counter cold remedies containing.
• These are abused by teens and preteens because they can be purchased.
• Adolescence may have sighs similar to alcohol intoxication – Difficulty walking – Vomiting – Confusion – Drowsiness
Hmmm. . . . . Did you know??
• Drugs derived from the male sex hormone, testosterone
• Promotes– Muscle growth – Increase lean
body mass
• Abused by athletes
• Health risk– Physical – Psychological
• irritability, uncontrollable bursts of anger, severs mood swings, impaired judgment, paranoid jealousy
• Changes in sexual characteristics– In males
• Change in testicles
• Reduce sperm count
• Impotence• Premature
baldness• Enlargement of
prostate gland• Pain in urinating
– In females• Acne on face and
body • Weakening of
tendons • High blood
pressure • Reduce good
cholesterol
Sniff….Sniff….Sniff….
• Ordinary household products that are inhaled or sniffed by children and adolescents to get high
• Use higher among adolescents – Use among
adolescents has decreased in the 21st century
• Example of inhalants – Model airplane
glue– Nail polish
remover– Cleaning fluids
• Short term use– Can cause
intoxicating effects
– May last for several minutes or possibly even hours
• Long term use– Can lead to heart
failure – Death!
Intervention for Adolescents • Providing a
confidential supportive environment for teens and families to explore concerns
• Intervening before concerns or problems become unmanageable
• Offering teens information about alcohol and drugs
• Providing tools for teens to make healthy decisions
• Helping build motivation for change when change is needed
• Connecting teens and families with appropriate community resources
• Identify strengths (what is going well) and risks (areas of concern)
• Determine the level of current or past alcohol or drug involvement
• Identify any related problems