Chapter 14Europe in the Middle Ages

Terms to know:

Knight, Middle Ages, medieval, feudalism, manor, serf

I. Feudalism and the Manor System

Read page 394Create a hierarchy (consisting of 3 levels)

based on the 3rd paragraph _________________________________

A. Middle Ages

1. The Middle Ages is the time period between ancient times (c. 500) and modern times (c. 1500).

2. This time period is aka as the Medieval Period. (Latin for Middle Ages)

Middle Ages- Times of Castles…

Collapse of Roman Empire

The Middle Ages began with the collapse of the Roman Empire in Western Europe.

The Roman Empire collapsed from invasions from the North. (The Vikings and the Franks.)

Map of Invasions

Fran

ks

King of the Franks

In 768 a skilled military leader named Charlemagne became King of the Franks.

He expanded the kingdom by taking over weaker kingdoms and ruled for 50 years.

He established schools and promoted learningHe spread ChristianityHe issued money and improved the economy.

Castle in Heidelberg

Charlemagn

e

Kingdom Falls

After Charlemagne's death- his kingdom was divided into 3 parts. One for each of his sons and soon after the kingdoms were taken over by other stronger kingdoms.

Feudal System

What was feudalism?By c. 1000 feudalism was firmly in place

as a social hierarchy system.The power belonged to the people who

controlled most of the land. The nobles gave fiefs (feefs)to their vassals. A vassal is a holder of land by feudal tenure.

Summarize the feudal duties. Pg. 397

The Manor System

What is manorialism?What are the roles of the lord of the

manor?What are the roles of noblewomen?Summarize the plight of the poor… pg. 398-399

Lesson 2

The Church and the Rise of CitiesTerms to know: clergy, excommunication,

guild, apprentice, chivalry, troubadour

The Church and the Rise of Cities

Gothic Style Church

Rural Village Church

Medieval ChurchesHuge Medieval churches dominated the landscape in Europe both in the cities and in the villages.

A Cathedral served as a meeting place, house of worship and even a school.

Gothic Cathedrals were built in Western Europe between 1100 and 1400.

.

During the Middle Ages in Europe almost all of the people were Roman Catholic- the Roman Catholic Church had so much influence during this time it was often referred to as the Church.

Churches Religious and Economic Power

Life was difficult and hard during the Middle Ages.

Christians were comforted that they would enjoy the rewards of heaven if they lived right lives but they also knew if they did not live right lives they would be punished after death.

The church also gained economic power by collecting taxes.

The church also took fiefs from lords in exchange for services performed by the clergy.

The church became the largest land owner in Europe during this time.

HUMMMM…

Political Power of the Church

Since the Church had influence over religious and economic matters- the Church was able to take on many roles of ___________.

The church also made laws and _____________________ to enforce them.

The church also threatened excommunication to anyone who did not obey the church’s rules.

Church officials were advisors to the Kings and lords…

The Church also used its influence to limit feudal warfare in the 1100’s.

Middle Ages Clergy

What is monasticism?Religious communities helped improve the

economy of the Middle Ages by developing better ways to grow crops and tend to livestock.

Monks transcribed religious texts from ancient times.

Convents gave women the chance to become educated.

Trade Revives and Towns Grow

During the Middle Ages, trade began to recover, people felt safe to travel to other areas.

European merchants traveled and brought goods back to sell first at small markets then at trade fairs.

During this time, manors became overcrowded and could not provide basic needs for the peasants. Many lords allowed peasants to buy their freedom and move to the new towns.

Life in towns and cities

Around 1300 towns were growing into cities. Paris had a population of 300,000.

The largest city in the world for that time.

How many people live in Southaven?...

Population in July 2009: 45,395

Towns and cities were not self-sufficient and depended on an exchange of money for goods and services.

The new Middle Class developed during this time too… nobles, MIDDLE CLASS, peasants.

Role of Guilds

The role of a guild was to allow merchants, traders, and craftworkers to determine quality and quantity of goods to be sold.

Define guild-

Guilds set prices prevented

outsiders from selling goods in town

Determined quality of goods

Guild members paid dues

How to become a member of a guild.

What are the steps to become a guild member?

Other important things you should know…

http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/Black.html link to the Black Death the three types of plagues.

The Bubonic plague wiped out one-third of Europe’s population between 1347-1351.

Medieval Culture

Growing cities attracted traveling scholars to the cathedral schools.

Life was chronicled by troubadours and chivalry was the code of the day…

What is chivalry and what are troubadours?

Lesson 3

The CrusadesWhat does crusade mean? Terms to know: Holy Land, Crusades, Jerusalem, pilgrim,

Turks, nation, Magna Carta, Model Parliament, Hundred Years’ War, Joan of Arc, Henry VIII

The Crusades

On page 409- Pope Urban II called the people of Europe to war.

Why would a pope call the people to war? Isn’t that the job of a king?

Read on and explain why the pope called the people to war.

Define Holy Land and note its location.

The Crusades

What were the Crusades? The word comes from crux, the Latin term

for “cross.” People who carried the Christian cross into battle against the non-Christian enemy were called crusaders.

What was the cause of the Crusades?

The Crusades

What city in the Holy Land attracted religious pilgrims?

Why did the Christians travel to the Holy Land?

Why would this place be considered holy?

Jerusalem, to worship and walk the same places as Jesus and people from the Bible.

The Cause for the Crusades

For centuries, Europeans made the trip to visit the Holy Land; however in the 1000’s things began to change. The Arab Muslims who have always controlled this area had been taken over by a group of people called the Seljuk Turks. This group would sometimes attack Christian pilgrims from Europe and closed the routes to Jerusalem.

The Crusades

The Cause:Seljuk Turks took the

Holy Lands from the Arab Muslims because Muhammad was to have spent time there.

The Turks attacked Christians on their way to the Holy Land and closed routes to Jerusalem.

The Turks also attacked the Byzantine Empire.

Effect: The emperor of the Byzantine Empire asked Pope Urban II to send knights to fight the Turks, but Pope Urban II also had other reasons to go to war.

Why Go To War

Byzantine Empire• Use knights to save the Empire from the Turks• Prevent the Turks from conquering more land

Holy Land• Wanted the Holy Land to under Christian control• Wanted Christians to be able to make the pilgrimage

To unite the Europeans against common foe• Hoped to gain power and influence for himself.• Others wanted the trade routes in that area.

A Series of Crusades

There were 8 crusades in total. 4 major and 4 minor. However, a crusade was attempted by a monk and a group of common people.

Peter the Hermit and a group of people went to fight and ignored the Emperor’s words and attacked the Muslims. Unfortunately, many of Peter’s army didn’t survive.

Crusades

The first crusade was a success for the Europeans. They were able to regain control of Jerusalem and set up four kingdoms in the Holy Land. However, the Turkish Muslims relentlessly attacked the kingdoms and regained control of the Holy Lands.

Read the passage on page 412 and describe the type of person the Arab Muslim leader Saladin was. Write out an answer for discussion.

Results of the Crusades

Your assignment is to list the effects of the Crusades in trade and new ideas on page 413.

You have 5-7 minutes to make your lists with your group.

Assignment: Answer questions at end of chapter and do the Writing Activity as well.

Read the caption on pg. 413 and answer the Synthesize question.

Lesson 4 The Power of the Kings

Terms: nation, Magna Carta, Model Parliament, Hundred Years’ War

Read the passage on page 416. List the events that led to Henry becoming emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

You have 10 minutes to complete the assignment.

Nation Building

Henry’s success in overthrowing the pope was a hint of things to come. Major changes were in the in the future for Europe.

The Power of the Nobles- During this period the feudal system was still in effect. Lords and Vassals had just as much power as the kings as long as the feudal system was working-if not- their power would decline.

The Decline of Feudalism

Growth of trade and townsKings began to support new towns in

exchange for money. They agreed to protect the towns and made

laws to help towns grow rich.The kings then hired armies to attack other

nobles.Some nobles were weakened lost land to

raise money for the Crusades, killed and lands went to the kings.

The Birth of a Nation

As a result, kings became more powerful and lands or fiefs were combined to unite a country. As these kingdoms grew they became known as nations- a nation is a community of people that shares territory and a government.

The process of combining smaller communities with a united identity and a national government is called nation building.

Changes in England

William the

Conqueror took

control of England

had more power

than the nobles

Henry I and Henry II increased the amount of

power the kings had

Nobles began to resent the kings’ power

King John was an harsh

king who raised

Taxes and jailed his enemiesKings

King John/Magna Carta

As a result of King John’s clash with the clergy, the pope excommunicated him and voided his title.

The bishops created the Magna Carta or the “Great charter”- it limited the king’s power over the nobles.

Magna Carta

Limited power of a king

Couldn’t jail a freeman

without just cause

Could not raise taxes without

consulting council

Great Council consisted of

lords and clergy

Nobles had a say in

government

Model Parliament

The council became the Model Parliament. This included common people as well as lords and clergy.

This eventually evolved into Parliament which is the legislature. Which in turn unified England. It also gave the king more power and nobles were more apt to support the king.

Questions

How did the Magna Carta effect the people of England?

Who and/or what benefitted from the Magna Carta?

Do you think King John had a choice to sign the Magna Carta or not? Explain

What do you think would have happened to him if he didn’t sign?

Hundred Years’ War

We will read and create a classification map to describe the Hundred Years’ War on page 419.

Joan of ArcJoan

’s calling

•As the Hundred Years’ War lingered England was winning. But a French peasant girl took charge

Appeal

•Joan stated that she had a vision from God to lead the people in the battle of Orleans. King agreed and she went

•Into battle. The French won and many more battles.

End

•Joan was captured, tried and burned at the state for witchcraft. She was 17.

•France saw Joan as a martyr and drove the English out of most of France, which later became a nation as well as England.

Power of the Kings-The war affected the balance of power in England and France.

Battlefield: new weapons, (longbow and cannons), increase in footsoldiers, large armies replaced small bands of knights, and castles could not stand up to the cannons.

Parliaments now controlled the money in war. Increased power with the king. Set up modern boundaries with England and France. Feudalism ended. Both countries looked to other conquests and Europe became a place of nations.

Questions

Look at the caption on page 420. Answer question in caption.

Henry VIII was a cocky king. He created the Church of England due to a split from the Catholic Church.