Chapter 14 ReviewPersonality

Purpose of Personality Theories All of the following are purposes of

all personality theories excepta. Organize various traitsb. Explain differences between peoplec. Determine how life can be improvedd. Catalogue the various personality traits

Psychoanalytic Theory

The father of psychoanalytic theory isa. Carl Jungb. Sigmund Freudc. Alfred Adlerd. Abraham Maslow

Psychoanalytic Theory

The id representsa. Things you do through instinctb. Personality traits you learned from your

parentsc. Basic instincts to kill and created. Your moral conscience

Psychoanalytic Theory

Kayla is five years old, and her mum just had a baby. Kayla was potty trained, but has suddenly started peeing her pants. She isa. Projecting her insecuritiesb. Denying her insecuritiesc. Regressingd. Sublimating

Psychoanalytic Theory

The job of the ego is toa. Balance out the demands of the id and

superegob. Suppress the needs of the idc. Determine what defence mechanism to

used. Be the moral guidance for a person.

Psychoanalytic Theory

According to Freud’s defence mechanisms, what is the only healthy way to manage inappropriate feelings or desires?a. Rationalizationb. Intellectualizationc. Displacementd. Sublimation

Psychoanalytic Theory

The id, ego, and superego operate on what principles respectively?a. Dominate, regulate, frustrateb. Pleasure, reality, moralityc. Pleasure, morality, realityd. Reality, morality, pleasure

Psychoanalytic Theory

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud’s defence mechanisms?a. Reaction formationb. Repressionc. Deniald. Speculation

Learning Theories

According to Behaviourism, contingencies of reinforcement area. Conditions that reinforce behaviourb. Punishments to dissuade behaviourc. People who reinforce negative

behaviourd. Thought patterns that reinforce the

individual’s own behaviour.

Learning Theories

According to Behaviourism, people _________________their contingencies of reinforcement.a. Are aware ofb. Choosec. Are unaware ofd. Are somewhat aware of

Learning Theories

In social cognitive theory, self-efficacy isa. Our perception of our ability to succeedb. Our overall view of ourselvesc. The ability to motivate oneselfd. Awareness of oneself

Learning Theories

According to Bandura, if outcome expectations are positive,a. The individual will have positive self-

esteemb. The individual will keep trying to

succeedc. The individual will give upd. The individual has unrealistic

perceptions

Humanistic Theories

Humanistic theories make the assumption thata. All people are equalb. All people are inherently goodc. All people are inherently motivatedd. All people are inherently goal oriented

Humanistic Theories

All of the following are traits of self-actualized individuals excepta. Need for approval from othersb. Spontaneityc. Problem-centeredd. Few but deep relationships

Humanistic Theories

Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow’s theories?a. Assumption of goodness is an intrusion

of valuesb. Eurocentric definition of self-

actualizationc. Sample selection is not randomd. All of the above

Humanistic Theories

According to Carl Rogers, what is “unconditional positive regard”?a. People will always remember youb. People tend to treat others politely to

maintain harmony.c. Acceptance of an individual or the self

for virtues and flawsd. Over-permissive parenting

Humanistic Theories

According to Rogers, “conditions of worth” area. Parameters we put on our value as

individualsb. Conditions we put on ourselves to be

valuedc. Conditions others put on us that must

be met before they will accept usd. Checklists we create to determine the

value or worth of another individual

Cognitive Theories

A schema isa. How we perceive ourselvesb. How we perceive the worldc. How we perceive othersd. How we think others perceive us

Trait Theories

Trait theories makes two assumptions about people:a. People can change who they are;

personalities are static.b. Traits can be exclusive to each other;

traits are finitec. Personalities can be catalogued;

behaviour can be changedd. All traits apply to all people; traits can be

measured and quantified

Trait Theories

According to Gordon Allport,a. Cardinal traits make us predictable in

most situations.b. Cardinal traits define who we are.c. Cardinal traits are not deemed central

to the personalityd. Cardinal traits are shared by all people.

Trait Theories

Allport’s “central trait” is similar to Raymond Cattell’s a. Primary traitb. Secondary traitc. Surface traitd. Source trait