chapter 15-italian invasion of abyssinia (tanmay, william, rusheel, ajith)

7/31/2019 Chapter 15-Italian Invasion of Abyssinia (Tanmay, William, Rusheel, Ajith)

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By: Tanmay Asija, WilliamLee, Rusheel Nayak, AjithSubhash


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Introduction to ItalianInvasion Abyssinian Crisis - Colonial War that

began in October of 1935 and ended inMay of 1936.

-fought between the Italians and theEthiopian Empire (AKA Abyssinians)

Tested the strength and validity of theLeague of Nations


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Background Information

After World War I, the Italian populationwas steadily increasing, which causedthe Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini to

want to expand his empire.


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Background Information

Italy had signed the Kellogg-Brand Pactthat denounced warfare but still was notafraid to go to war to get raw materials

and gain prestige. Was interested in Abyssinia because it

had raw materials and was located next

Eritrea, part of the Italian Empire.


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The Wal Wal Incident

In 1930, Italians built a fort inside theAbyssinian Border at Wal Wal.

Resulted in no hostility between the two

nations, but Italian military influencecontinued to grow.


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November 22nd, 1934. 1000 Ethiopiansoldiers marched to the fort demandingthat the Italian fort be handed over but

the commander refused. Armed conflict was avoided when an

Anglo-Ethiopian border commission wasissued.

Tensions remained high and a skirmishoccurred between the two forces onDecember 5.


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Emperor of Ethiopia appealed to theLeague of Nations saying that Italy wasat fault.

League of Nations issued nopunishment for either party, becauseFrance and Britain were both wanted to

maintain good relationships with Italy.


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January 5th, Ethiopians killed 5 Italianforces near Wal Wal, causing Mussolinito dispatch large military forces to

Eritrea. Ethiopians asked League of Nations to

intervene and halt the mobilization of

troops near Abyssinia so Britain sent theSecretary of Foreign Affairs, AnthonyEden, to arbitrate peace.


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The meeting with Mussolini wasunsuccessful, leading to an armsembargo on both Italy and Ethiopia that

was not enforced.

Set the stage for the inevitable Italian

Invasion


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Italian Invasion

In October 1935, the Italian armyinvaded Abyssinia.

The Abyssinians could not hope to stand

up to a modern army. Abyssinians were equipped with pre-World

War One rifles and little else.

The Italians used armored vehicles andeven mustard gas in their attack.


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Italian Invasion

The capital, Addis Ababa, fell in May1936 and Haile Selassie was removedfrom the throne and replaced by the king

of Italy, Victor Emmanuel. Somaliland, Eritrea and Abyssinia were

all united under the name Italian East

Africa.


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League of Nations

Reactions Leagues response was initially indecisive

in response to Abyssinian's cry for help

Unable to deal with the crisis effectively

Placed blame on Italy for being aggressors Imposed LIMITED sanctions

Did not place sanctions on oil which wasnecessary for the war (only on items like rubber

and metal) They were not increased or universally applied

It took 6 weeks to fully organize


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League of Nations

Reactions The absence of USA delayed negotiations

since fear was that the US would notsupport sanctions

Since the US was a major economic and militarypower at this time, sanctions would notparticularly hurt Italy

Economic sanctions were one of the

Leagues biggest weapons but nonmembernations and the US did not abide to suchsanctions and therefore proved ineffective


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Results

Mussolini ignored the League and stillinvaded Abyssinia

Abyssinia was conquered by Italy

Britain and France secretly agreed to give awayAbyssinia (Hoare-Laval Pact)

Brought Fascist Italy and Nazi Germanytogether for the first time

Highlighted weaknesses of the League ofNations Nations only half-heartedly followed sanctions


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Results

The power the League of Nations actuallyheld was shown to be very minimal Member nations gave into aggressor nations

due to their military power

Mussolini turned away from the Leagueand towards Nazi Germany

Made the League of Nations look like a

puppet as they were undermined by Britainand France Smaller countries no longer felt that the League

was dependable


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chapter 15-italian invasion of abyssinia (tanmay, william, rusheel, ajith)

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