chapter 18 three operating systems the architecture of computer hardware and systems software: an...
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Chapter 18Three Operating Systems
The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software:
An Information Technology Approach
3rd Edition, Irv Englander
John Wiley and Sons 2003
Wilson Wong, Bentley College
Linda Senne, Bentley College
Chapter 18Three Operating Systems
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Three Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows 2000/XP UNIX and Linux IBM zSeries z/OS
Chapter 18Three Operating Systems
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Microsoft Windows 2000/XP
Design Goals Operating System Features User Environment Desktop Components Windows 2000/XP Architecture
Overview System Block Diagram Logical Memory Map
Chapter 18Three Operating Systems
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Design Goals Extensibility
Object-based modular design
Portability Written in C and C++ to facilitate porting to other CPUs
Reliability Kernel architecture design to protect from internal errors and
buggy application programs
Downward compatibility Compatible with earlier versions of Windows and DOS
Scalability and Performance Supports symmetric multiprocessing
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Operating System Features Single user 32-bit or 64-bit, pre-emptive multi-tasking operating
system Powerful GUI that behaves consistently for local, network, and
Internet use Support for new capabilities
Multimedia, plug-and-play hardware, electrical power conservation
Manageable and secure file system with built-in recoverability options and is downwardly compatible
API that provides a wide range of services to simplify application development and ensure consistency
Built-in networking and a new distributed file system Network server capabilities
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User Environment
Simple for novice, powerful for advanced user Tools, operations and applications that use
the API behave in a consistent manner Extensive context-sensitive help User’s system parameters are modifiable Applications and users have access to the
same services and interface features Tools and operations perform reasonably and
in an intuitive manner
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Desktop Components
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Windows 2000/XP Architecture
Modified microkernel-based User mode
Environmental subsystems Expose OS services to the user through an API
System support processes Logon and user session management
Server processes Protected (kernel) mode
Hardware abstraction layer Kernel Executive layer
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Executive Layer Object manager
Provides standardized interface for objects Process manager Virtual memory manager I/O manager Security reference monitor
All protected objects are monitored Enforces validation procedures and audits
Local Procedure Call (LPC) Control of all service requests and interprocess activities
Windowing and Graphics System Manages Windows graphics Provides Windows screen interface tools
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Overview of Windows 2000
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System Block Diagram
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Logical Memory Map
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UNIX and Linux
Design Goals Pioneering Design Features Operating System Features User Environment General Organization
Kernel operations
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Design Goals Easy-to-use, interactive, powerful, and flexible
interface Powerful programming tools
Compilers and associated tools Use of small, simple utility programs to perform tasks
and to construct more complex applications Small and simple kernel together with a separate
interface shell Logical file system Multi-tasking and multiuser capabilities Simple system portability
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Pioneering OS Design Features
Process creation and control Separate shell for user interface Hierarchical directory file system Ability to combine small independent
software modules to accomplish a more complex task
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Operating System Features
Preemptive multitasking with multiuser capability, automatic scheduling, and background execution
User shells that provide an interactive interface, commands, and programming tools
Interactive process creation and management Hierarchical, tree-based file system Kernel Network administration tools
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User Environment Login
User name and password Start-up file for user environment customizations System, group, and user protections are set
Interface shells Bourne shell, C shell, and Korn shell are the most
commonly used Command line prompt X-Windows interface Logins to remote UNIX computers
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General Organization of a UNIX System
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Kernel Operations
Virtual storage and memory management
Process management File management I/O management Networking and communication
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Virtual Address Space for a Process
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IBM zSeries z/OS
Design Goals Operating System Services User Environment User Interfaces MVS Organization
Virtual Memory Map for a Task Data Management
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Design Goals
Maximize system performance and availability
Maximize amount of processing by providing support for execution of batch programs
Minimize operator support effort Reliability Security
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Virtual File System vs.Socket Layered Structure
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Operating System Services Sophisticated resource allocation services and workload
management Data set management services Job and task management Virtual storage operation and management Network services Time-sharing support System resource logging, auditing and accounting Error detection, recovery, and logging Reassignment of tasks and data to other resources in the event
of an error or failure System support programs and facilities Security services Large-scale cluster support
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User Environment BCP, Base Control Program JCL, Job Control Language TSO, Time Sharing Option
Used for program development and job preparation JES, Job Entry Subsystem
Job submissions ISPF, Interactive System Productivity Facility
Menu-driven facility that serves as an extension to TSO CICS, Customer Information Control System
Application enabler that provides services to application programs that have been developed to work with it
UNIX
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User Interfaces
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MVS Organization
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Virtual Memory Map for a Task
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Data Management Data sets
z/OS files Sequential, random, or indexed sequential access Fixed or variable size Partitioned
Directory Members - group of independent, related records
Catalogs z/OS directories Master catalog for the system VTOC – catalog for a DASD (disk) device User catalog has an indexed entry in the master catalog
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Steps in Location of a Data Set
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Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the permissions Department, John Wiley & Songs, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.”