Chapter 19 Section 3

JAPAN RETURNS TO ISOLATION

DaimyoOda NobunagaToyotomi HideoyshiTokugawa ShogunateHaikuKabuki

KEY TERMS

1467-1568 know as Sengoku (warring states)

Samurai seized control of old feudal estates

Daimyo-Warrior chieftain new lords

Resembled European feudalism

LOCAL LORDS RULE

Built fortified castles

Created small armies on horses (samurai)

Later introduced foot soldiers with muskets

Fought for territory

LOCAL LORDS RULE

• Oda Nobunaga-defeated rivals and seized capitol Kyoto 1558• “Rule the empire by

force”• Nobunaga’s

soldiers with muskets crush samurai force (first use of firearms)

NEW LEADERS RESTORE ORDER

Could not unify all of Japan

Toyotomi Hideoyshi conquered al of Japan

Invaded Korea in 1592

Hideoyshi died 1559 and his troops withdrew from Korea

NEW LEADERS RESTORE ORDER

Unified Japan in 1600Had loyalty of

Daimyo throughout Japan

3 years later became sole leader of Japan

Moved capitol to Edo became Tokyo

Governed at a local level

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN

• Required daimyo to spend every other year in the capitol• When they returned

to their lands they left family in capitol (hostages to prevent rebellion)• Rule of law became

rule of sword

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN

On his deathbed asked sons toTake care of the people

Strive to be virtuousNever neglect to protect the country

This rule brought welcome order to Japan

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN

Japan enjoyed two and half centuries of stability

Society was very structured

Ruler was a shogun supreme military commander

LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN

ShogunDaimyo- powerful landholding samurai

Samurai warriorsPeasants and artisans 4/5ths of population

Merchants at the bottom

Became more important as the economy expanded

LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN

• Confucian values influenced society• Depended on

agriculture not merchants• Peasants and

farmers had the main tax burden• Many left farms for

town life

SOCIETY IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN

• Attended ceremonial noh dramas–Tales of ancient

warriors

• Hung pictures of a classical literature scenes• Haiku-3 line verse

poetry• Presents images

rather than ideas

CULTURE UNDER THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE

16 century during the warring states

Welcomed traders and missionaries from Portugal

Within a century Europeans had worn out their welcome

CONTACT BETWEEN EUROPE AND JAPAN

• 1543 first encounter with Europeans• Portugal hoped to be

part of the Japan, China, and Southeast Asia trade• Brought clocks,

eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms, and unfamiliar items to Japan

PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN

Daimyo welcomed the strangers

Interested in muskets and cannons

Japanese purchased weapons from Portugal

Firearms changed a time honored tradition of the use of the sword

PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS, AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN

Many samurai retained the sword

Built fortified castles to withstand the cannons

Castles attracted merchants and artisans

PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS, AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN

1549 missionaries started to arrive

Religious orders of Jesuits came to convert the Japanese

Francis Xavier-Jesuit led the first mission

Baptized about 100 converts before he left

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN

1600 300,0000 Japanese had been converted

Success upset Tokugawa Ieyasu

Found Christian invasion troublesome

They scorned traditional Japanese beliefs

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN

Feared driving off the European traders would hurt Japan’s economy

1612 there was religious uprisings

Christianity was banned

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN

1637 30,000 peasants led by a samurai

So many rebels were Christian

Started to persecute Christians

All Japanese were forced to show faith to a branch of Buddhism

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN

Persecution of Christians was to control foreign ideas

Valued European trade but not ideas

1639 sealed Japan’s borders “closed country policy”

THE CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY

Nagasaki was the only port opened to foreign ships

Only Dutch and Chinese merchants allowed

Tokugawa shoguns had a monopoly on trade

200 years Japan remained closed

JAPAN IN ISOLATION

• Japanese were forbidden to leave and bring back new ideas• Developed into a self

sufficient country• Europeans met with

resistance to open the East to trade• Expansion to the west

was more profitable (Americas)

JAPAN IN ISOLATION