CHAPTER 19The Age of the French Revolution,

1789-1815

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First French Revolution

II. The French Republic, 1792-1799

III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

V. The Legacy of the French Revolution

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First French Revolution

Causes

Criticism

pamphlets

Nobles v. king

Economic Crisis

A. The Beginning of the Revolution

Louis XVI (1774-1792)

Assembly of Notables, 1787

Tax reform

King forced to call Estates General, 1788

Estates General

Clergy

Nobility

Third Estate, 96%

(A. The Beginning of the Revolution)

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836)

joins Third Estate

Third Estate

calls itself National Assembly, May, 1789

locked out

Tennis Court Oath

Economic Crisis

Poor harvests, 1780's

1788, harvest fails

"National Guard" attacks Bastille, July, 1789

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First French Revolution

B. Creation of a New Political Society

National Assembly

Privileges of clergy and nobles ended

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Rousseau's Social Contract, 1762

Church reorganized

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Legislative Assembly, 1791

end to nobility

Social reforms

civil marriage

slavery ended in France

C. Responses

Edmund Burke

Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790

Pope Pius VI

condemns Rights of Man, Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The French Republic, 1792-1799

A. The Establishment of the Republic, 1792

Jacobins

republicans

support of sans-culottes

Louis XVI and queen, flee, 1791

Frederick William II, Prussia (1786-1797)

and Leopold II, Austria (1790-1792)

Alliance to restore Louis XVI

Legislative Assembly

War on Austria, 1792

Defeated

National Convention

B. The Jacobins and the Revolution

Feuillants v. Jacobins

Jacobins split

Girondins, Montagnards

Montagnards

Georges-Jacques Danton (1759-1794)

Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793)

Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794)

Girondins

more conservative

Louis XVI

executed, 1793

First Coalition, 1793

Great Britain, Dutch, Prussia, Austria

Spain, Sardinia and Naples join later

France defeated

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The French Republic, 1792-1799

C. The Reign of Terror, 1793-1794

Committee of Public Safety

Maximilien Robespierre

Jacobins

Joseph Fouché (1759-1820)

Paul Barras (1755-1829)

oppose Robespierre

executed, 1794

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The French Republic, 1792-1799

D. The Directory, (1795-1799)

New Constitution, 1795

Directorate

Two legislative assemblies

Inflation

Battle of the Nile, 1798

French fleet destroyed

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

Italian victories

Treaty of Campio Formio, 1797

Forms Consulate, 1799

New constitution, December, 1799

Napoleon, First Consul

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution

A. Cultural Institutions

Schools

lycées

Academies

Popular and Republican Society of the Arts

replaces Royal Academy, 1793

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)

Libraries

National Library

replaces Royal Library

Commission of the Museum

Louvre opens, 1793

III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution

B. The Creation of a New Political Culture

Popular sovereignty

sans-culottes

Secularism

Joseph Fouché

churches closed

Cult of the Supreme Being

Calendar

September 22, 1792

C. Cultural Centralization

Départments

Metric, decimal system

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

A. Napoleon's Rise to Power

Corsican

1802, Consul for life

1804, Emperor

B. Napoleon and the State

Continuation of the Revolution?

Pius VII (1800-1823)

Concordat, 1801

Church part of the state

Civil Code, 1804

(Napoleonic Code)

Emulation of Justinian

C. Administrative Centralization

Council of State

Prefects

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

D. The Empire and Europe

by 1809, control of Dutch Republic, Spain

Netherlands, Italy, parts of Germany, Poland

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

E. The Downfall of Napoleon

1809, divorces Josephine

marries Marie-Louise

Russia

Grand Army, 1812

Borodino

Napoleon retreats

Battle of the Nations, Leipzig, 1813

Napoleon abdicates, 1814

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

(D. The Empire and Europe)

Levée en masse, from 1793

1805, Third Coalition

Austria, Britain, Russia

Battle of Trafalgar

Jena, Auerstädt, 1806

Prussia defeated

Spain

invaded, 1807

Ferdinand forced from throne

Peninsular War (1803-1813)

Duke of Wellington

leads British invasion

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

F. After Napoleon

Bourbon Restoration

Treaty of Paris, 1814

Louis XVIII (1814-1824)

Constitutional Charter

Napoleon returns, 1815

Waterloo, defeated

exiled to St. Helena

Congress of Vienna

Prince Clemens von Metternich (1773-1859)

Austrian foreign minister

Balance of power

Dynastic principles

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815

(F. After Napoleon)

Congress of Vienna

Prince Clemens von Metternich (1773-1859)

Austrian foreign minister

Balance of power

Dynastic principles