Chapter 2-2

Physical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties

• A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.

• Some examples of physical properties are state (phase), density, solubility, ductility, malleability, magnetism, and ability to conduct electricity.

Physical Properties

• State (or phase) is the physical form in which a substance exists.

• The states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

• Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

• Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.

Physical Properties

• Ductility is the ability of a substance to be pulled into wires.

• Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets.

Ductility & Malleability

Density

• Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume.

• Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.

• A golf ball and table-tennis (ping-pong) ball have similar volumes but the golf ball is denser because it has a greater mass.

Density

• In Figure 4, page 46, why do you think maple syrup is on the bottom of the six liquids? Why do you think corn oil is on the top?

• The denser liquids sink to the bottom of the flask. The less dense liquids rise to the top.

• The order in which the layers separate shows the order of increasing density.

Density

Density

• Knowing the density of a substance will tell you if the substance will float or sink in water.

• The density of water (at 4°C) is 1.00 g/cm3.• If an object is less dense than water it will

float in water. • If the object is more dense than water it will

sink.

Density

Solving for Density

• Density (D) is found by dividing mass (m) by volume (V).

• Units for density consist of a mass unit divided by a volume unit.

• Common units for density are g/cm3, g/mL, kg/m3, and kg/L.

Using Density to ID Substances

• Each substance has a density that differs from the densities of other substances.

• The density of a substance is always the same at a given temperature and pressure.

• What is the density of Helium gas?• 0.00001663 g/cm3 • Write this in scientific notation. • 1.663 x 10-5 g/cm3

Using Density

• What is the density of Mercury (the only liquid metal at room temperature)?

• 13.55 g/cm3

• Read the Math Focus section of page 47. Try the three sample questions.

Using Density

• What happens to the density of an object if the object is cut in half? Why?

• The density remains the same because cutting the object in half will divide the mass & volume by the same amount. Also, the density of a substance remains the same no matter what size it is. All matter has its own unique density.

Interesting Density Fact

• The density of a fresh egg is about 1.2 g/mL, and the density of a spoiled egg is about 0.9 g/mL. The density of the egg decreases as it ages because as it spoils, it loses water through the tiny pores in the shell.

• What would happen to a fresh egg if placed in a beaker of water? What would happen to a spoiled egg?

Physical Changes

• A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.

• Freezing water to make ice or sanding a piece of wood are examples of physical changes.

• Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved, only some of the physical properties.

Phase Changes are Physical Changes