chapter 2 – a living planet physical geography the study of the natural aspects of the earth
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 – A Living Chapter 2 – A Living PlanetPlanet
Physical Geography
The study of the natural aspects of the Earth.
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The EarthThe Earth
Earth's inner core is solid iron, its outer core is liquid iron mixed with other components, and its mantle is dense rock.
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Earth Inside and OutEarth Inside and Out
• Inside the Earth– Core
• Inner Core – Solid Iron ball• Outer Core – swirling melted metals
– Mantle• Contains most of the Earth’s mass
– Magma forms in mantle
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On And On And Above Above
The EarthThe Earth
• Atmosphere– Layer of gases surrounding
the Earth
• Lithosphere– Solid rock portion of earth’s
surface– Underwater it’s called the
sea floor– Huge landmasses above the
sea floor are called CONTINENTS
• Hydrosphere– All water elements on earth
• Oceans, seas, rivers, water in atmosphere, etc.
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The BiosphereThe Biosphere
•Biosphere
•Part of the earth where plants and animals live
•Made up of atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
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Bodies of Water and LandformsBodies of Water and Landforms
• Bodies of water– Many types of bodies of
water on Earth– Examples
• Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, ground water
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
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Windward Side Leeward Side
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TsunamiTsunami
• Giant waves in the ocean usually caused by massive shifts in the Earth’s crust
• Tsunami Animation
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2-3 Internal Forces Shaping the 2-3 Internal Forces Shaping the EarthEarth
• Tectonic Plates– Huge masses of lithosphere that move and shift atop
the hot, molten asthenosphere.
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• Continental Drift– The theory that
the continents have shifted over time into new positions on the face of the Earth
– Began with Pangaea
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Plate MovementPlate Movement
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Plate MovementPlate Movement
• 2) subduction or diving under another plate
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Plate MovementPlate Movement
• 3) collision or crashing into each other
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Plate MovementPlate Movement
• 4) shearing or sliding past each other
Plate A
Plate B
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Types of Plate BoundariesTypes of Plate Boundaries
1) Divergent Boundary – Plates move away from each other. (Spreading)
2) Convergent Boundary – Plates move toward each other. (Subduction or Collision)
3) Transform Boundary – Plates slide past each other. (Shearing)
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• When two plates meet they can cause folding or cracking– Fault – crack in the
Earth’s crust where two plates meet.
San Andreas Fault Line
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EarthquakesEarthquakes
• Sudden shifts along fault line
• Seismograph– Special device that can detect vibrations in
the Earth’s surface– Richter Scale – a scale of measurement used
to determine how strong an earthquake is
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VolcanoVolcano• Magma eruptions through crust of
the Earth. Many underwater.
Named after Vulcan the Roman god for fire and metal working. He was the protector of smiths, and was normally depicted as a bearded man, dressed as a worker and carrying the utensils of a smith.
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• Ring of Fire– Ring of volcanoes and volcanic activity around the
Pacific Ocean
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2-4 External Forces Shaping the 2-4 External Forces Shaping the EarthEarth
• Weathering– Mechanical, chemical
• Erosion– Water, Wind, Glacial
• Building Soil– Weathering and erosion break down the
Rocks of the Earth and create soil.