chapter 2: activity 4 movie special effects. materials in science there are 4 basic types: 1....
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Activity 4Movie Special Effects
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Materials in Science
There are 4 basic types:
1. Polymers (gak & oobleck)
2. Composites (paper mache)
3. Metals (aluminum& titanium)
4. Ceramics (clay or carbides)
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Lets Discuss Composites
Composite:are heterogeneous materials consisting of two or more separate materials combined in a macroscopic structural unit.
ex: papier-maché
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Composite Decking:
plastic (either polyethylene which is malleable or polypropylene which is rigid) and wood fiber
Examples of Composites
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Concrete Driveways/Roads: Reinforced Concrete
steel rods & concrete
Examples of Composites
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Examples of Composites
Airplane Composite
Material:
Do you see the many thin fibers?
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Examples of Composites
Human bones
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Examples of Composites
Anatomy of a Baseball
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Baseball dissection
The official National League Baseball.
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Baseball Dissection
The dissection begins...
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Baseball Dissection
The leather cover is peeled back to reveal a layer of twine
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Baseball Dissection
This first layer of thin twine is peeled away. This thin layer creates a
smoother surface on which to place the leather cover.
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Baseball Dissection
With most of the first layer of twine gone, the darker, heavier yarn underneath is revealed. Many
cheaper baseballs have only a solid mass of cork/rubber amalgam under the first layer of yarn, but with a pro ball, the yarn has only just begun!
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Baseball Dissection
Unraveling the dark wool yarn begins. The bits of red thread you see are the anchor points for the
heavy red stitching used on the baseball's leather cover.
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Baseball Dissection
The dark yarn gives way to a layer of white yarn. Winding these layers of yarn tighter or looser can affect the elasticity of the baseball. A tighter wrap
results in a livelier ball.
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Baseball Dissection
Back to dark yarn again. A cat would love this process -- countless
yards of yarn!
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Baseball Dissection
The baseball shrinks as the pile of dark yarn grows. This last layer of dark yarn makes up
most of the baseball's size and mass.
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Baseball Dissection
We're down to a thin layer of red rubber, and the ball is about the size of a Superball. Drop this ball,
and you'll discover that it is quite bouncy! The outer layers of yarn clearly serve to moderate the
elasticity of the rubber ball.
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Baseball Dissection
One last cut, and the tiny cork core is revealed. Notice that the red rubber layer gives way to a layer of black rubber as well. The cork core is
about the size of a small grape.
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Pykrete
A composite of ordinary
saw dust and
water frozen together.
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History of
Pykrete
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How they are made
http://composites.poly.edu/animations/index.html
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Why Use Composites
Titanium-light and strong (good) but
extremely expensive (bad)
Aluminum foil is light (good) but
extremely malleable (bad)
Put them together to make a composite
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Why Use Composites
So, if we put the two metals together in the right combination, we can keep the cost down and still make a strong material.
Aluminum sheets
Titanium to reinforce
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Use of Composites Today
Boats (hulls) & Cars (body) Sport equipment (rackets, skis…) Artificial limbs Aircraft &
Aerospace
structures
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Advantages of Composites
Low weight High stiffness High strength Low radar signature
(stealth) Extend the life of
material Can be customized for
a specific application
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Disadvantages of Composites
High initial cost of research Manufacturing time Use of special raw materials
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The Future
Composite materials have great potential in the decades to come.
It is an exciting field and a great career choice!
You might be the next billionaire!
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