chapter 2 bot3015l introduction to autotrophs and osmotrophs
DESCRIPTION
Organisms able to synthesize nutritive substances required for growth (auto=self, troph=feed/grow). Organisms that take up nutritive substances required for growth by osmosis (osmo=take up from external, troph=feed/grow). Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2BOT3015L
Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs
Presentation created by Danielle SherdanAll photos from Raven et al. Biology of Plants except when otherwise noted
Organisms able to synthesize nutritive substances required for growth (auto=self, troph=feed/grow)
Organisms that take up nutritive substances required for growth by osmosis (osmo=take up from external, troph=feed/grow)
![Page 2: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Today
• Review preparation and notebook organization• Plant cells
– characteristics of plant cells– plastids– large central vacuoles– cell wall
– effects of osmosis on plant cells– cell division
• Compound light microscope basics
• Review preparation and notebook organization• Plant cells
– characteristics of plant cells– plastids– large central vacuoles– cell wall
– effects of osmosis on plant cells– cell division
• Compound light microscope basics
![Page 3: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ReminderPreparation for Class
Prior to each class:1. Read the lab materials2. Drawing list3. Review questions4. Methods
![Page 4: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Notebook (left / right)
Left(thinking)
Right(lab work)
• Observations• Solution preparation• Methods• Data collected
during experiment
•Interpretations•Conclusions•Graphs•Ideas for future experiments
•Answers to review questions and objectives
Leave space in front for table of contents
******************************13 June 2005
Treatment of Brassica rapa plants with GA
Time: 10:05 am
_√__ Measure plant heights
1. _20_ mm2. _40_ mm
_√_ Apply 20 µl 100 µM GA to 1st leaf of plants 1, 2 and 3.
___ Apply 20 µl 10 µM GA to 1st leaf of plants 4, 5 and 6.
____ ……..etc.…….
![Page 5: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Today
• Review preparation and notebook organization• Plant cells
– characteristics of plant cells– plastids– large central vacuoles– cell wall– effects of osmosis on plant cells
– cell division• Compound light microscope basics
![Page 6: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Microscopy enables the discovery of cells
Slices of cork. Drawing by Robert Hooke, who coined the term “cell” in the 1600s
Harvesting cork for commercial purposes
![Page 7: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Modern cell theory
The modern cell theory states that 1. All living organisms are composed of one or
more cells 2. Chemical reactions of living organisms take
place within cells
4. Cells arise from other cells
3. Cells contain the hereditary information of the organisms of which they are a part, and this information is passed from parent cell to daughter cell
![Page 8: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Generalized diagram of a plant cell
![Page 9: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cytoplasmic streaming of chloroplasts
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Considering their function, why would movement of chloroplasts by cytoplasmic streaming be advantageous?
![Page 10: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Amyloplasts store starch
Amyloplasts in a bean root
![Page 11: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Observing the vacuolePut cells in a bath of concentrated solution
![Page 12: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Osmosis
![Page 13: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plasmolysis
--Low external solute concentration--High internal solute concentration, thus positive pressure inside.--Positive pressure in the plant cell pushes against the restricting cell wall, like a water balloon in a cage.
Normal physiological conditions Under high external solute concentrations
--External water potential decreases to below that inside the cell, thus osmotic water efflux from the cell. This process is plasmolysis.
![Page 14: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Today
• Review preparation and notebook organization• Plant cells
– characteristics of plant cells– plastids– large central vacuoles– cell wall
– effects of osmosis on plant cells– cell division
• Compound light microscope basics
![Page 15: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mitosis and cytokinesis
![Page 16: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mitosis (nuclear division)simplified diagram
chromosomereplication during S phase of cell cycle
chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope degrades
chromosomes align along metaphase plate and are attached to cytoskeleton
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles, notice both sets are identical
nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
Homologouschromosomes
![Page 17: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cell division in plants occurs at meristems
Onion root meristem located at tip of root
![Page 18: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Compare mitosis and meiosis
![Page 19: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Total number of cell divisions?
Fill in ploidy level in above “cells”
Pairing of homologs?
Crossing over?
![Page 20: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Comparison chart II mitosis meiosis
Centromeres divide?
How many daughter cells are genetically identical to original cell?
![Page 21: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
or triploid or tetraploid… or tetraploid or hexaploid…, but not triploid, why?
![Page 22: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Today
• Review preparation and notebook organization• Plant cells
– characteristics of plant cells– plastids– large central vacuoles– cell wall
– effects of osmosis on plant cells– cell division
• Compound light microscope basics
![Page 23: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Robert Hooke’s drawing of his microscope (1660s)
Light from an oil lamp
Water-filled glass globe as condenser
Specimen mounted on a pin
Focus by changing the distance between the specimen and the lens
![Page 24: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Compound light microscope components
![Page 25: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
High resolution Low resolution
High magnification Low magnification
![Page 26: Chapter 2 BOT3015L Introduction to Autotrophs and Osmotrophs](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56815d8e550346895dcb9e36/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Important points when using microscopes
• Using lens paper, clean eyepieces and objectives before and after each lab
Coverslip always (a flat specimen (2-D) is optimal for compound light microscopes)
• Focus.1. Place the mounted specimen on the stage2. Set objective3. Looking from the side, not in the ocular, bring the
objective very close to the coverslip4. Looking through the eyepiece, move the objective
away from specimen with the course focus knob until it is in focus
5. Use fine focus to get the best view