chapter 2 e cology. ecology is the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2
ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY
Ecology is the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied
MILESTONES IN ECOLOGY
1872 Yellowstone becomes the 1st National Park in the U.S.
1987 The U.S. and other countries sign the Montreal Protocol in agreement to phase out the use of chemical compounds that deplete the ozone layer (CFC)
BIOSPHERE
The biosphere is the portion of Earth that supports life.
This is where ecologists study organisms and their environment
BIOTIC FACTORS
Biotic factors are the living factors in an organism’s environment
Biotic factors include all of the organisms that live in the water, land and microscopic organisms
ABIOTIC FACTORS
These are nonliving factors in an organism’s environment
This factors include: temperature, air, water currents, sunlight, soil type, rainfall, or available nutrients
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
The biosphere is too large and complex for most ecological studies. Therefore the biosphere is split into different levels.
These levels increase in complexity as the numbers and interactions between organisms increase
Organism
Population
Biological community
Ecosystem
Biome
biosphere
MOVIE TIME
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit1/chapter2/concepts_in_motion.html#
COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
Competition occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time
Predation is the act of one organism consuming another organism for food
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Symbiosis is the close relationship that exists when two or more species live together
MUTUALISM
Mutualism is when two or more organisms benefit from each other Ex: One example is the relationship between sea
anemones and clown fish: the anemones provide the fish with protection from predators and the fish defends the anemones against butterfly fish which eat anemones.
COMMENSALISM
Commensalism is a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organisms in neither helped nor harmed
PARASITISM
Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism Ex: ticks on an animal or bacteria or worms inside
the animal
Mutualism -- both species benefit
Commensalism -- one species benefits, the other is unaffected
Parasitism -- one species benefits, the other is harmed
Competition -- neither species benefits
Neutralism -- both species are unaffected
The relationship between a bee and a flower?
The relationship between a mosquito and a human?
The relationship between a tree and a
bird’s nest?
The relationship between a tick and a rabbit?
The relationship between a Sycamore tree and a squirrel’s home?
The relationship between a Grouper
and a cleaning goby?
YOUR TURN!
Think of two different relationships between organisms you have heard of or seen
Describe both relationships and determine which category they fall into: mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism