chapter 2: hardware basics section i: preparing to use technology

Chapter 2: Hardware BasicsChapter 2: Hardware Basics

Section I: Preparing to Use TechnologySection I: Preparing to Use Technology

Section I:Preparing to Use

Technology

Chapter 2:Hardware Basics

Learner ObjectivesLearner ObjectivesAt the completion of study, learners will be able to:

– identify a computer system and its components

– explain the relationship between the sectors of the central processing unit (CPU) and the flow of information during processing

– identify the purpose of input, output and storage devices, and give examples of those that are appropriate for use in education settings

– identify the role of software

– discuss major considerations for purchasing a computer for home or classroom use

– identify methods for adapting and using computer systems with special learners


Technology


Frameworks: What we know. . .Frameworks: What we know. . .

Computers provide unique learning opportunities for students . . . if teachers realize the potential and need for their use.

Technology integration is dependent on – access to hardware (physical components) – teacher who is capable of facilitating learning using these

components.

Access to technology . . . varies significantly nationwide. – One or more standalone computers– Computer learning centers– Computer workstations (consisting of several computers

networked to a scanner and/or printer)– Centrally located school computer lab– Mobile technology (i.e. COWs – computers on wheels)


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Basics: Computer SystemBasics: Computer System

A computer system consists of the computer and its peripheral devices that

1) receives the data as it is input

2) processes that data

3) outputs the data in a useable form

Central Processing Unit (CPU)– Referred to as “the processor”– Consists of three sectors – Let’s take a closer look


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Basics: CPU SectorsBasics: CPU Sectors

Control unit, Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), Memory unit


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Basics: Understanding MemoryBasics: Understanding MemoryComputers work with as binary coding system

called the ASCII code (pronounced ask-ee)

Binary Coding System - series of zeros (0) and ones (1)

Bit – Smallest unit of binary information– Single binary character– Zero or oneByte– Composed of 8 bits (combination of 0s or 1s)– Can represent one alphabetic or one numeric

character of information such as “A” or “a” – The alphabet in binary code


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Basics: Memory ConversionsBasics: Memory ConversionsThe amount of information that computer

memory or storage devices can hold is measured in. . .

•Kilobyte (K or KB) = 1024 bytes

•Megabyte (M or MB) = 1024 kilobytes

•Gigabyte (G or GB) = 1024 megabytes

•Terabyte (T or TB) = 1024 gigabytes


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Basics: Processor SpeedBasics: Processor Speed

Conveys how fast data can be moved in and out of memory . . .

Processor speeds are measured in…..– Megahertz (MHz)… a 1 MHz processor (CPU)

can execute one million cycles per second. – Gigahertz (GHz)

Generally, the faster the processor’s speed, the faster the CPU can execute instructions.


Technology


Basics: Input DevicesBasics: Input DevicesDevices that “input” data into the computer

• Keyboards & Mice

• Scanners

• Digital cameras

• Microphones

• Personal digital assistants (PDA)

• Tablet Computers

• Graphics tablets

• Touch screens

• Electronic Whiteboards

• Classroom Response systems (clickers)


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Basics: Output DevicesBasics: Output DevicesDevices that “output” the data into a usable form

after it has been processed

• Computer monitors (screens or displays)

• Printers

• Speakers

• Projectors

• Document Cameras


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Basics: Storage DevicesBasics: Storage Devices

Devices that allow storage of data for later use

• Hard Disk Drives (internal, external)

• Floppy Disks - becoming obsolete

• Zip Disks - drives not on new computers

• Optical disk technology

– CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW

– DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW

• USB drives


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Connecting to the ComputerConnecting to the ComputerConnections are made through openings

called ports . . .

• Serial Ports (becoming obsolete)

• Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports

– becoming the universal connection for most peripherals

• Ethernet Ports

– Used for connecting to the Internet

• Firewire (IEEE 1394) Ports

– Used for fast transfer of data such as movies


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Purchasing a Computer SystemPurchasing a Computer SystemMajor considerations for purchases. . .

• What are the expectations for use?

– Types of tasks, the programs used

• Who are the users?

– Skill levels?

– Portability needs? Laptops ??

• What is the available budget?

– Budget dictates many decisions.

• What memory capacity and processor speed is needed?

– RAM

– HD

• What is included with base price?

– How will be computer be hooked to the Internet?


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SoftwareSoftware

Software is needed to operate the hardware

• Operating system software• Both PC and MAC use Graphic User Interface

(GUI…pronounced gooey)– Windows– Macs

» Apple Operating System (OS)

More about software in Chapter 3


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Adapting for Special LearnersAdapting for Special Learners

Given appropriate hardware adaptations, most students with special needs can access technology. . .

• Basic adaptations are provided for – computer monitors

– keyboards

– mice


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Monitor AdaptationsMonitor Adaptations

Monitor adaptations

– Screen magnifier

– Speech-output software

– Anti-glare filters

– Refreshable Braille display


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Keyboard AdaptationsKeyboard Adaptations

• Keyguards

• Pointing or typing aid

• Moisture guards

• Alternative labels

• Touch screen

• Switches


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Mouse AdaptationsMouse Adaptations

Ways to adapt the mouse to provide easier input.– Joysticks– Trackballs

Go to On the Web: Hardware to access more adaptive

products.


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Questions???

chapter 2: hardware basics section i: preparing to use technology

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