chapter 2 minerals and rocks. s6e5. students will investigate the scientific view of how the...
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CHAPTER 2
MINERALS AND ROCKS
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S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed. S6E5b. Investigate the contribution of minerals to rock composition.
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What is a mineral?1. Naturally occurring2. Inorganic3. Solid4. Crystal Structure5. Definite Chemical Composition
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Identifying Minerals1. Color 5. Hardness2. Streak 6. Cleavage and
Fracture3. Luster 7. Crystal Systems4. Density 8.Special properties
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Standards:• S6E5. Students will investigate the
scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
ELEMENTS:• S6E5c – Classify rocks by their process of
formation.
• S6E5d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.
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Identifying Rocks1.Composition2.Color 3.Texture
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Texture1. Grain Size (Fine, Coarse, No Visible Grain)2. Grain Shape (Rounded or Jagged)3. Grain Pattern (Banded or Nonbanded)
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Grain Size
Picture of Slate(Fine grain)
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Grain Size
Picture of Diorite(coarse grain)
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Grain SizePicture ofFlint(no visible grain)
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Grain Shape
(Rounded Grain)
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Grain Shape
(Jagged grain)
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Grain Pattern
(Nonbanded)
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Grain Pattern
(Banded)
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Types of Rock• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic
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Igneous Rocks
Rocks formed from magma or lava
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Igneous Rocks Classified as
intrusive or extrusive(intrusive made from magma)(extrusive made from lava)
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Igneous Rocks Intrusive rocks are made from
magma inside the ground
Example:Porphyry
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Igneous Rocks Extrusive rocks are made from
lava above the ground
Example:Obsidian
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Sedimentary Rocks (formed through erosion,
deposition, compaction, or cementation)
Classified asClastic, Organic, or Chemical
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Sedimentary Rocks Clastic rocks form when rock
fragments are squeezed together
Example :Shale
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Sedimentary Rocks Organic rocks form where the
remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Left: CoalRight: Limestone
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Sedimentary Rocks Chemical rocks form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize
Example: Rock Salt
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Metamorphic Rocks Formed from heat and
pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface
Classified as foliated or
nonfoliated
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Metamorphic Rocks foliated rocks have their
grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Example: Schist
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Metamorphic Rocks nonfoliated rocks have
mineral grains that are arranged randomly
Example: Marble
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Example of Rocks.
IgneousBasalt, Granite, ObsidianSedimentarySandstone, Limestone, CoalMetamorphicMarble, Shale