chapter 2 properties of matter. elements an element is a substance that cannot be broken down into...
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Chapter 2
Properties of Matter
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Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Gold Aluminum Carbon Iodine
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Elements
An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom.
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Compounds
A compound is a substance that is made from two or more elements and can be broken down into those elements.
Silicon
Oxygen
Silicon dioxide
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Mixtures
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the parts are noticeably different from one another.
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Mixtures
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where you cannot tell the difference between the parts of the mixture.
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Mixtures
When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, that mixture is called a solution.
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Mixtures
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.
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Mixtures
A colloid contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
Colloids do not separate into layers.
You cannot use a filter to separate the parts of a colloid.
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Physical Properties
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
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Physical Properties
Conductivity is a material’s ability to allow heat or electricity to flow.
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Physical Properties
Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
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Physical Properties
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
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Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
Filtration is a process that separates materials based on their size.
Distillation is a process that separates liquids by their boiling points.
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Physical Changes
A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the same.
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Observing Chemical Properties
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
Chemical properties can be observed only during a chemical change.
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Observing Chemical Properties
Reactivity describes the ability of a substance to chemically combine with other substances.
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Observing Chemical Properties
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.
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Recognizing Chemical Changes
A chemical change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
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Recognizing Chemical Changes
Three common indicators of a chemical change are a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate.
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Is a Change Chemical or Physical
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes.
When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of matter remains the same.