The Spanish-The Spanish-American WarAmerican War

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

The Spanish Empire stretched all The Spanish Empire stretched all over the world.over the world.

In most places they occupied the In most places they occupied the Spanish left harsh rule, and used Spanish left harsh rule, and used the people as slaves to do work.the people as slaves to do work.– But why?But why?

They also used very harsh tactics They also used very harsh tactics to deal with people who resisted.to deal with people who resisted.

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Jose MartiJose Marti was a was a revolutionary poet and writer who had revolutionary poet and writer who had been expelled from Cuba and sent to the United States been expelled from Cuba and sent to the United States for his beliefs that the Cuban people should overthrow for his beliefs that the Cuban people should overthrow the Spanish government that ruled Cubathe Spanish government that ruled Cuba

Writings described harsh SpanishWritings described harsh Spanishtreatment which causedtreatment which causedthousands of Cubans to die in thousands of Cubans to die in camps, from diseases, etc. camps, from diseases, etc.

Believed U.S. should stay out of Believed U.S. should stay out of Cuba’s affairsCuba’s affairs

Organized a revolution from NYC,Organized a revolution from NYC,but was killed by Spanish but was killed by Spanish when the U.S. Navy stopped the when the U.S. Navy stopped the ships carrying his backup.ships carrying his backup.

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

The U.S. would try to stay out of Cuba’s affairs, but The U.S. would try to stay out of Cuba’s affairs, but eventually the people of the U.S. demanded eventually the people of the U.S. demanded involvementinvolvement

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst influences influences American American opinions on war w/ Spain by publishing only storiesopinions on war w/ Spain by publishing only storiesthat encourage American intervention in his that encourage American intervention in his newspapersnewspapers– ¼ of Americans got their news from Hearst!!!¼ of Americans got their news from Hearst!!!

The problem is, a lot of the stories he The problem is, a lot of the stories he printed used a method calledprinted used a method calledYellow JournalismYellow Journalism which which describes describes events while using strong, opinionated events while using strong, opinionated detail, half-truths, speculation, and lies.detail, half-truths, speculation, and lies.

Hearst built a killer Hearst built a killer castle selling these castle selling these stories!!stories!!

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War The U.S.S. MaineThe U.S.S. Maine is an is an

American warship, that exploded American warship, that exploded and sank in Havana harbor.and sank in Havana harbor.– Ship had been sent to watch Ship had been sent to watch

American property.American property.

Beginnings of the Beginnings of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Many point to newspaper reports Many point to newspaper reports as THE causeas THE cause

U.S. and Spanish policies already U.S. and Spanish policies already caused them to butt heads…caused them to butt heads…

May have influenced popular May have influenced popular opinion, but not necessarily the opinion, but not necessarily the decision for wardecision for war

War with SpainWar with Spain

First battles of the Spanish-First battles of the Spanish-American war occur in the American war occur in the Philippines.Philippines.

They will use They will use Emilio Aguinaldo, Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino freedom fighter who is a Filipino freedom fighter who is trying to secure independence for trying to secure independence for the Philippines from Spanish and the Philippines from Spanish and other outside influences.other outside influences.

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

War with Spain :War with Spain :Combat in the S.A. Combat in the S.A. WarWar Poorly trained soldiers would hit Cuba in Poorly trained soldiers would hit Cuba in

late Junelate June Many soldiers die in poor conditions in Many soldiers die in poor conditions in

training camps.training camps. About 17,000 soldiers make it to war.About 17,000 soldiers make it to war. Will face Spanish soldiers who are:Will face Spanish soldiers who are:

– Better EquippedBetter Equipped– Positioned DefensivelyPositioned Defensively– Sick with Yellow FeverSick with Yellow Fever– Being attacked by insurgentsBeing attacked by insurgents

War with SpainWar with Spain

The Rough Riders The Rough Riders were were the most famous the most famous American fighting force in the Spanish-American fighting force in the Spanish-American War, made up of celebrities, American War, made up of celebrities, wealthy people, and politicians.wealthy people, and politicians.

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt Lieutenant Colonel of Lieutenant Colonel of this fighting force, former Assistant this fighting force, former Assistant Secretary of the NavySecretary of the Navy

The Rough Riders most famous battle The Rough Riders most famous battle would be the charge at Kettle and San Juan would be the charge at Kettle and San Juan Hills.Hills.

The Rough Riders…The Rough Riders…partly truepartly true

After the War with After the War with SpainSpain The U.S. finally signed a peace treaty The U.S. finally signed a peace treaty

in December of 1898, after a cease-in December of 1898, after a cease-fire in August 1898fire in August 1898

The 1898 Treaty of Paris The 1898 Treaty of Paris ends the ends the war and gives the U.S. Puerto Rico, war and gives the U.S. Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam and Wake IslandPhilippines, Guam and Wake Island..

Also makes Cuba an independent Also makes Cuba an independent nation.nation.

After the War With After the War With SpainSpain Cuba must include the Cuba must include the Platt Amendment Platt Amendment

in their constitution which gives Cuba in their constitution which gives Cuba independence, as long as U.S. can establish independence, as long as U.S. can establish a military base (Guantanamo) there and a military base (Guantanamo) there and change the government as we see fitchange the government as we see fit..

This turns Cuba into a This turns Cuba into a ProtectorateProtectorate, or , or a a country whose policies are controlled by an country whose policies are controlled by an outside power.outside power.

Any trade happening with Cuba must be Any trade happening with Cuba must be approved by U.S., if anyone messes with approved by U.S., if anyone messes with them…we mess them up.them…we mess them up.

After the War with After the War with SpainSpain

The Filipinos who fought alongside us against The Filipinos who fought alongside us against the Spanish, are not pleased after the war.the Spanish, are not pleased after the war.

We attempt to set up government, economic, We attempt to set up government, economic, and social institutions within the country…and social institutions within the country…this leads to the this leads to the Filipino-American WarFilipino-American War..

Filipino Revolutionaries fight for Filipino Revolutionaries fight for independence independence from U.S., after S.A. war, as from U.S., after S.A. war, as we struggle to maintain possession we we struggle to maintain possession we remain extremely unpopular there.remain extremely unpopular there.

*Filipino = Philippino*Filipino = Philippino

What about the Maine?What about the Maine?

The Maine was NOT The Maine was NOT blown up by the blown up by the Spanish!!!Spanish!!!

5 tons of Powder 5 tons of Powder Charges Charges ignited leading ignited leading to the death of the 266 to the death of the 266 Sailors on board! Sailors on board!