Chapter 20 Sections 2 and Chapter 20 Sections 2 and 33

Development of the Cold War Development of the Cold War

The Cuban Question The Cuban Question In 1959, President Kennedy In 1959, President Kennedy

approved the Bay of Pigs approved the Bay of Pigs and revolt against the and revolt against the Soviet-supported Cuban Soviet-supported Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. dictator, Fidel Castro.

The invasion failed.The invasion failed. In 1962 Khrushchev began In 1962 Khrushchev began

to place nuclear missiles in to place nuclear missiles in Cuba to counteract U.S. Cuba to counteract U.S. nuclear weapons placed in nuclear weapons placed in Turkey, close to the Soviet Turkey, close to the Soviet Union. Union.

In October 1962, Soviet In October 1962, Soviet ships carrying nuclear ships carrying nuclear missiles were headed to missiles were headed to Cuba. Cuba.

So he ordered a blockade So he ordered a blockade of Cuba of Cuba

Khrushchev agreed to send Khrushchev agreed to send the ships back and remove the ships back and remove nuclear missiles in Cuba if nuclear missiles in Cuba if Kennedy agreed not to Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba. invade Cuba.

Vietnam and the Dominos Vietnam and the Dominos The Vietnam War had The Vietnam War had

an important impact an important impact on the Cold War. on the Cold War.

Its purpose was to Its purpose was to keep the Communist keep the Communist government of North government of North Vietnam from gaining Vietnam from gaining control of South control of South Vietnam. Vietnam.

U.S. policy makers U.S. policy makers applied the applied the domino domino theorytheory to the Vietnam to the Vietnam War. War.

http://blog.creativethink.com/2009/05/best-falling-domino-video-of-2009.html

Soviet Leaders Soviet Leaders Stalin Stalin Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev

Reign of Stalin Reign of Stalin By 1950,By 1950,Heavy Heavy

industry,industry, the the manufacture of manufacture of machines and machines and equipment for factories equipment for factories and mines, increased. and mines, increased.

In 1946, the Soviet In 1946, the Soviet government said that government said that all literary and scientific all literary and scientific work must conform to work must conform to the political needs of the political needs of the state. the state.

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev de-Stalinization,de-Stalinization,

or the process of or the process of eliminating some of eliminating some of StalinStalin’’s ruthless policies, s ruthless policies, was put in place was put in place

allowed the publication allowed the publication of a work by of a work by Alexander Alexander SolzhenitsynSolzhenitsyn that that depicted life in a depicted life in a Siberian forced-labor Siberian forced-labor camp. camp.

Eastern Europe: Behind the Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Curtain Iron Curtain

Albania,Albania, the the Communist Communist government grew government grew increasingly increasingly independent of the independent of the Soviet Union. Soviet Union.

, , Yugoslavia,Yugoslavia, led by led by Josip Broz, or Josip Broz, or Tito,Tito, was was an independent an independent Communist state until Communist state until TitoTito’’s death in 1980. s death in 1980.

Revolts Vs. Soviets Revolts Vs. Soviets In 1956, after calls for In 1956, after calls for

revolt from Soviet revolt from Soviet control, Hungarian control, Hungarian leader leader Imre NagyImre Nagy declared Hungary a declared Hungary a free nation. free nation.

Three days later, Three days later, Soviet troops attacked Soviet troops attacked Budapest and Budapest and reestablished control reestablished control of the country.of the country.

In January 1968, In January 1968, Alexander DubčekAlexander Dubček was was elected first secretary of elected first secretary of the Communist party in the Communist party in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia.

By August 1968, the By August 1968, the Soviet Army invaded Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia, crushed Czechoslovakia, crushed the reform movement, the reform movement, and reestablished Soviet and reestablished Soviet control.control.

Called the Prague Spring Called the Prague Spring

Problems in Western Europe Problems in Western Europe and North America and North America

France: France: For almost 25 years For almost 25 years

after World War II, after World War II, France France was mostly led was mostly led by by Charles de Gaulle.Charles de Gaulle.

France became a major France became a major industrial producer and industrial producer and exporter. exporter.

Government deficits Government deficits and a rise in the cost of and a rise in the cost of living led to unrest. living led to unrest.

West Germany West Germany From 1949 to 1963, From 1949 to 1963,

Konrad Adenauer, Konrad Adenauer, leader of the leader of the Christian Christian Democratic Union,Democratic Union, served as chancellor of served as chancellor of West Germany.West Germany.

Under AdenauerUnder Adenauer’’s s leadership and that leadership and that of the minister of of the minister of finance, Ludwig Erhard, finance, Ludwig Erhard, West GermanyWest Germany’’s s economy was revived. economy was revived.

Great Britain Great Britain The Labour Party, The Labour Party,

which promised far-which promised far-reaching reforms, reaching reforms, defeated Churchilldefeated Churchill’’s s Conservative Party. Conservative Party.

Prime Minister Clement Prime Minister Clement Attlee Attlee welfare state–welfare state–a state in which the a state in which the government takes government takes responsibility for responsibility for providing citizens with providing citizens with services and a minimal services and a minimal standard of living. standard of living.

European Unity European Unity In 1957, France, West In 1957, France, West

Germany, the Benelux Germany, the Benelux countries, and Italy countries, and Italy created the created the European European Economic CommunityEconomic Community (EEC), also known as (EEC), also known as the Common Market. the Common Market.

The six member nations The six member nations would impose no tariffs would impose no tariffs on each otheron each other’’s goods. s goods.

U.S. in the 1950sU.S. in the 1950s Between 1945 and Between 1945 and

1973 1973 real wages–real wages–the the actual purchasing actual purchasing power of income–grew power of income–grew an average of 3 an average of 3 percent a year.percent a year.

The Cold War led to The Cold War led to widespread fearwidespread fear

Senator Joseph R. Senator Joseph R. McCarthyMcCarthy

created a massive created a massive ““Red Red Scare.Scare.””

U.S. in the 1960s: Presidential U.S. in the 1960s: Presidential Changes Changes

President President John F. Kennedy,John F. Kennedy, the youngest elected the youngest elected president of the United States, president of the United States, was assassinated in 1963. was assassinated in 1963.

Vice President Lyndon Johnson Vice President Lyndon Johnson became president and was became president and was elected in a landslide victory elected in a landslide victory to another term in 1964. to another term in 1964.

President JohnsonPresident Johnson’’s Great s Great Society programs included Society programs included health care for health care for the elderly, measures to fight the elderly, measures to fight poverty, poverty, and aid to education.and aid to education.

Civil Rights in the U.S. Civil Rights in the U.S. The U.S. civil rights The U.S. civil rights

movement began in 1954 movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court with the Supreme Court ruling that made racial ruling that made racial segregation in public schools segregation in public schools illegal. Brown V. Board of Ed. illegal. Brown V. Board of Ed. Of Kansas Of Kansas

In 1963 the Reverend In 1963 the Reverend Martin Martin LutherLuther King, Jr.,King, Jr., a leader of a leader of the civil rights movement, the civil rights movement, led a march on Washington, led a march on Washington, D.C., for equality. D.C., for equality.

He advocated the use of He advocated the use of passive disobedience in passive disobedience in gaining racial equality.gaining racial equality.

President JohnsonPresident Johnson’’s responses s responses to Dr. King to Dr. King

In 1964 the Civil Rights In 1964 the Civil Rights Act helped end Act helped end segregation and segregation and discrimination in the discrimination in the workplace and in workplace and in public places. public places.

The Voting Rights Act The Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it easier of 1965 made it easier for African Americans for African Americans to vote in southern to vote in southern states.states.

Racial Tension in the U.S. Racial Tension in the U.S. In 1965, race riots In 1965, race riots

began in the Watts began in the Watts district of Los Angeles. district of Los Angeles.

In 1968, after the In 1968, after the assassination of Martin assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., race Luther King, Jr., race riots broke out in over a riots broke out in over a hundred cities in the hundred cities in the United States. United States.

The race riots caused a The race riots caused a ““white backlash,white backlash,”” and and racial division in the racial division in the United States United States continued. continued.

Emergence of the New Emergence of the New Society Society

A A consumer societyconsumer society developed as real developed as real wages increased.wages increased.

Buying on credit Buying on credit became widespread became widespread in the 1950s. in the 1950s.

Birthrates rose, Birthrates rose, creating a creating a ““baby boombaby boom”” in the late 1940s and in the late 1940s and the 1950s.the 1950s.

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The New Woman The New Woman Many women worked Many women worked

and raised families at and raised families at the same time.the same time.

By the late 1960s, By the late 1960s, women renewed women renewed their interest in the their interest in the womenwomen’’s liberation s liberation movement.movement.

TheThe Second SexSecond Sex by by Simone de BeauvoirSimone de Beauvoir influenced both the influenced both the American and European American and European womenwomen’’s movements.s movements.

Civil Rights Videos Civil Rights Videos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyes

ontheprize/resources/res_video.html