1. From Expansion to Imperialism

A. Foundations of Empire

B. The War of 1898

C. The Spoils of War

2. A Power Among Powers

A. The Open Door in Asia

B. The United States and Latin America

3. The United States in World War I

A. From Neutrality to War

B. “Over There”

C. War on the Home Front

D. Women’s Voting Rights

4. The Treaty of Versailles

A. The Fate of Wilson’s Ideas

B. Congress Rejects the Treaty

Chapter 21: An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

The Big Question: How and Why

did the US become a world power?

• Proponents: Seward, Mahan, Strong, Teddy Roosevelt

• New steel battleships and the Venezuelan border dispute showed

America’s growing power

Part 1: From Expansion to Imperialism

1A: Foundations of Empire

• American Exceptionalism:

unique destiny to foster

democracy/civilization

• Causes: yellow press, economic interests, de Lôme letter, Maine

• US promised not occupy Cuba in the Teller Amendment

• After victory in Philippines, the US annexed Hawaii, P.R., Guam

• US army and Cuban rebels defeated demoralized Spanish troops

Part 1: From Expansion to Imperialism

1B: The War of 1898 (Spanish-American War)

Part 1: From Expansion to Imperialism

1C: The Spoils of War

• McKinley’s denial of Philippine self-rule created a bloody, 3 year

insurrection led by Emilio Aguinaldo

• Anti-Imperialist Leagues opposed US expansionism, but McKinley

was still reelected in 1900

• Insular Cases reaffirmed

new territories would be

colonies not future states

• Platt Amendment limited

Cuba’s independence

• Jones Act promised

eventual freedom to the

Philippines

Part 2: A Power Among Powers

2A: The Open Door in Asia

• Hay’s Open Door policy and US help to crush the Boxer Rebellion

were meant to give the US a greater foothold in China’s markets

• The Root-Takahira Agreement recognized Japan’s growing strength

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy set the US on a collision course with Japan

• “Big stick” diplomacy emphasized US naval power while Roosevelt

Corollary (1904) stated US right to intervene in Latin American affairs

• US covertly assisted Panamanian independence after Columbia

refusal to sell the land and then built the canal over 8 grueling years

• Despite Wilson’s disavowal of imperialism, the US meddled in the

Mexican revolution and continued its intervention in the Caribbean

Part 2: A Power Among Powers

2B: The United States in Latin America

• WWI causes: imperial

rivalries, assassination,

alliance system

• New technology

increased casualties and

led to a war of attrition

• Western front was fought

via trench warfare for

most of the war

Part 3: The United States in World War I

3A: From Neutrality to War #1

• Wilson declared US neutrality while Americans were divided over war

• US trade with Britain undercut neutrality and led to U-boat attacks

• Germany’s ending of U-boat attacks allowed Wilson to win reelection

in 1916, but its resumption in 1917 and Zimmerman note led to war

Part 3: The United States in World War I

3A: From Neutrality to War #2

• Convoy system helped Navy overcome U-boat threat to shipping

• Russian exit ended western stalemate but was offset by US troops

• Armistice ending the fighting went into effect on 11-11-18 at 11 am

• Blacks, Native Americans faced different kinds of racism in military

Part 3: The United States in World War I

3B: “Over There”

Second Battle of

the Marne, 1918

• Wartime demand stimulated economic growth, led to temporary

government regulation and caused US to become a creditor nation

• WWI was sold by Wilson and CPI as dissent was stifled by the 100%

American campaign, Espionage & Sedition Acts, Schneck, Abrams

• Wartime labor shortages led to the beginning of a great migration of

Blacks out of the South and more jobs for women and Hispanics

Part 3: The United States in World War I

3C: War on the Home Front

• Carrie Catt and the NAWSA tried to show patriotism of women while

Alice Paul and NWP used militant protests to fight for suffrage

• Wilson supported suffrage as a “war measure” and 19th amendment

was ratified in 1920

Part 3: The United States in World War I

3D: Women’s Voting Rights

• Wilson 14 Points (freedom of seas, self-

determination, League of Nations) clashed

with allies desire for revenge and colonies

• Versailles Treaty set the stage for WWII

Part 4: The Treaty of Versailles

4A: The Fate of Wilson’s Ideas

• Article X (League of Nations) most controversial part of treaty in US

• Wilson suffered a stroke while giving speeches to support the treaty

Part 4: The Treaty of Versailles

4B: Congress Rejects the Treaty

• Wilson’s refusal to

compromise with the

“irreconcilables” and

the “reservationists”

led to the treaty’s

failure in the Senate