chapter 21 environmental education. main content 21.1 the role and position of environmental...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 21 Environmental education
Main content
21.1 The role and position of environmental education
21.2 The goals and implementation approach of
environmental education
21.3 The method of environmental education
21.4 The environmental quality and environmental
behavior of citizens
21.5 Case study
21.1 The role and position of environmental education
21.1.1 The significance of environmental education Strengthen environmental education and raise
environmental awareness,fit your actions to sustainable
development regular pattern, which is the basis of
environmental protection
Environmental education’s aim is to raise public
environmental awareness and makes the educated gain
necessary knowledge and values of understanding, protecting
and improving the environment.
Figure 21-1 The role and position of environmental education
21.1.2 Environmental education and sustainable
development
In June,1992,the conception --- "re-education for sustainable development" was proposed in "Agenda 21" in "Environment and Development conference “ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In December 1997, Environment and Society International Conference was held in Cesar Rodney ,Greece, issued "Declaration of Cesar Rodney," and proposed that the environment education is for the environment and sustainable development.
Environmental education is most important to sustainable development.
Education is the key of sustainable development which makes it from concept to action.
21.1.3 Citizen environmental literacy and environmental
education
Environmental education can improve people's environmental awareness.
After environmental education, people can recognize and understand the complex structure of environment,and it can promote importance of environment in development to people.
Environmental education can make people fully understand the interdependence of economy, polity, and ecology in the world
From this poeple can correctly understand and analyze environmental problems and actively thinking about how to reduce and solve these problems.
21.2 The goals and implementation approach of environmental education
21.2.1 Characteristics of environmental educationComprehensiveness: environment education is related to natural and social science and is a multidisciplinary education
Diversity: many forms of education
Continuity:The education which aims to solve environment problems is a continuous process.
Universalist
Practicalness:It emphasis environment action and solution of environment problems in environment education.
21.2.2 The goals of environmental education
With the development of environmental education and its gradual
deepening, the aim of environmental education is dynamically
developing,and its main process is showed as the table 21-1.
Now,the environmental education is essentially for sustainable
development.Its goal is in a full range, and it should include several levels
(awareness) ( knowledge ) (attitude) (practice)
Table 21-1 Evolvement course of environmental education goals
Time Conference name The goals of environmental education
1972Belgrade Conference
on Human Environment
Improve the environment awareness of all the people in the world, and make them concern about the environment and its problems, make the individuals or group have knowledge, skills and attitudes to solve the current problems and prevent new problems ,and make them engage into this work.
1977 Tbilisi Conference
People are awared to understand and make concern to the interdependence of the economy, society, polity and ecology in rural and urban areas;Provide people the opportunity to get the necessary knowledge, values, attitudes, duties and skills for improving the environment; Establish the new patterns of behavior for the treatment of environment by individuals and groups.
1992World Conference on
Environment and Development
Make people understand that the lifes on this planet are interdependent;Promote people’s understanding of environment’s promotion or encumbrance in sustainable development; Cultivate people’s awareness, abilities, attitudes and values, so that they can participate the national and international sustainable development activities effectively , to get a fairer and more sustainable future.
Figure 21-2 Environmental education goals attainments figure
21.2.3 The implementation approach of environmental education
( 1 ) Orientation of environmental education
There are three relative independent forms of environment education :
Reference to the environmental education :Teach the knowledge of the
environment to help learners to understand the generation,development and its
relationship to humans in environmental problems at different areas.
Education in the environment: the familiar or the related environment are
regarded as the education resources and places,take the learner experience in the
environment as an education agency.
Education for environment:make the learners to have the responsible attitudes
and behavior to the environment,take care of the environment, protect the
environment.
Figure 21-3 Goal and orientation ideogram of environmental education
( 2 ) The implementation approach of environmental education
① Environmental education in school
Divided into two kinds as basic education and professional
education
Basic school education is mainly to primary and secondary schools
School professional education is for different levels of the
environmental professionals
② Community environmental education
Community landscaping is the obligations of teachers and
students, and also creats a favorable external conditions for school
environmental education .
Figure 21-4 The relationship between curriculum and environmental education
③ In-service environmental education
At present ,there are many staff not having systematic
environmental professional training in China's environmental
protection department,so the important part of environmental
education is to these staff
In 1981, the first environmental service cadre training school
was established ---- Chinese Environmental Management
College,and this school is responsible for taking academic
education, continuing education and job training for the cadres in
national environmental protection system.
21.3 The approach of environmental education
21.3.1 Teaching strategies of environmental education
Use various means and methods of teaching comprehensively
Emphasize the autonomy of the learner
Guide the learners to identify problems in daily life
Do from "able to solve problems" ,do from now on and from myself
21.3.2 Teaching mode and teaching methods
(1) Inquiry teaching
Inquiry-based learning can be divided into five steps by the
student:
Identify and ask the questions
Make the plan to the question on “what has been known and
what need to know next”
Collect the information and analyze and synthesize it
Analyze and arrange the information, make a solution, and
select and determine the action case
Make implementation plans,have social action, evaluate and
adjust the plan
Figure 21-5 Inquiry learning steps figure
( 2 ) Participatory teaching and interactive teaching
Currently,interactive environment education
method is based on problem(take environment
problems to coordinate the teaching content) which
is more popular in international and the main
organization forms are combined with cooperative
learning in groups, individual independent study and
group discussions
Figure 21-6 The process of interactive teaching method ( Notes : quoted from Li Zijian , 1998 )
Figure 21-7 Continuum of teaching
(Notes : quoted from Li Zijian , 1998)
Table 21-2 Classification table of environmental education methods in school
The name of the method Implementation approaches
Results of implementation
Observe and investigate type
Use the sense of vision, hearing , touch and taste
Have a good habits of carefully observation and experience
Discussi and debate type Interactive communication
Exercise of thinking ability and achieve emotion, attitude and values’ conversion
Experiment type Use some equipment by your hands
Have a rigorous scientific attitude and realistic spirit
Simulation experience type
Play a relevant role From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge
Multimedia application type
Multimedia teaching Software
Get perceptual knowledge to raise thinking
Interactive teaching of community education
environment
Community service and practice
Outdoor teaching by the community
environment
Outdoor environment education,aims to
contact with the nature
Environmental education from the school
to the urban community
21.4 The environmental quality and environmental behavior of citizen
21.4.1 The environmental quality of citizen
Environmental quality is the component of scientific
quality of human, it is scientific literacy and psychological
quality which is from childhood to the continuous
development for all life to the environment as a specific
functioning object.
Environmental quality of the citizen is an important
measurement to see whether a country is progressive or not
21.4.2 Environmental behavior regulation of citizen
Saving resources, reduce pollution
Green consumption, environmental
protection and buy
Reuse, repeated use
Classification recycling, recycling
Refuse wild food, rescue
21.4.3 The environmental quality cultivation of citizen
Training the leaderships with environmental quality
Training the professionals with environmental quality
Training primary school students with environmental quality
21.6 Case study - environment awareness and behavior of different citizenIn transboundary pollution treatment,the "big blocks" loses to the “
protective umbrella”
On March 22nd,2002,the tenth World Water Day,a special trial
was holding in Zhejiang Changxing People's Court. The plaintiff is
the fish farmers in Changxing Si’an reservoir.They litigated
Anhui Guangde organic synthesis chemical plant onto the court to
require the compensation for the loss of the dead fish caused by
pollution reservoir.
After trial, the verdict is: the defendant compensate the plaintiff
617,500 yuan,and should pay it with 10 days after the
commencement of this decision. The fee of this case 11,185 yuan is
charged on the defendant.
The contradiction both parts consider the issue from their own interests
It should respect the right of survival and development of the others in
sewage, and is responsible to their own environment actions
The leaders in government, should know how to coordinate the
relationship in environment protection ,economy development and social
continuance .
From this incident,we can see that we should gradually improve China's
environment protection system,and also improve the environment quality
of the general public radically.
Case study
Thank you!