chapter 25 fungi. fig. 31-1 fig. 31-2 reproductive structure spore-producing structures hyphae...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 25 Fungi
Fig. 31-1
Fig. 31-2
Reproductive structure
Spore-producingstructures
Hyphae
Mycelium
20 µm
Fig. 31-3
(b) Coenocytic hypha
Septum
(a) Septate hypha
Pore
Nuclei
Nuclei Cell wallCell wall
Fig. 31-5-3
Spores
Spore-producingstructures
GERMINATION
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
Mycelium
Key
Heterokaryotic(unfused nuclei fromdifferent parents)
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
KARYOGAMY(fusion of nuclei)
PLASMOGAMY(fusion of cytoplasm)
Heterokaryoticstage
Zygote
Spores
GERMINATIONMEIOSIS
Fig. 31-6
2.5 µm
Fig. 31-7
10 µm
Parentcell
Bud
Fig. 31-11
Chytrids (1,000 species)
Zygomycetes (1,000 species)
Hyphae 25 µm
Glomeromycetes (160 species)
Fungal hypha
Ascomycetes (65,000 species)
Basidiomycetes (30,000 species)
Fig. 31-13-4
Rhizopusgrowingon bread
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
Youngzygosporangium(heterokaryotic)
Gametangia withhaploid nucleiMating
type (–)
Matingtype (+)
Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)Heterokaryotic (n + n)
PLASMOGAMY
Key
Diploidnuclei
Zygosporangium
100 µm
KARYOGAMY
MEIOSIS
Sporangium
Spores
Dispersal andgermination
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
Dispersal andgermination
Sporangia
Mycelium50 µm
Glomeromycetes
• The glomeromycetes (phylum Glomeromycota) were once considered zygomycetes
• They are now classified in a separate clade• Glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Fig. 31-15
2.5 µm
Fig. 31-16
Tuber melanosporum, a truffle
Morchella esculenta,the tasty morel
Fig. 31-17-4
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)Dikaryotic (n + n)
Conidiophore
Mycelium
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
Germination
Hypha PLASMOGAMY
Haploid spores (conidia)
Conidia;mating type (–)
Matingtype (+)
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
Dikaryotichyphae
Ascus(dikaryotic)
Mycelia
KARYOGAMY
Diploid nucleus(zygote)
Germination
Asci
Dispersal
Dispersal
AscocarpEightascospores
Fourhaploidnuclei MEIOSIS
Fig. 31-18a
Maiden veil fungus(Dictyphora), afungus with an odor like rotting meat
Fig. 31-18b
Puffballs emittingspores
Fig. 31-18cShelf fungi, importantdecomposers of wood
Basidium
Fig. 31-19-4
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)Dikaryotic (n +n)
Key
PLASMOGAMY
Matingtype (+)
Haploid myceliaDikaryotic mycelium
Matingtype (–)
Basidia(n+n)
Gills linedwith basidia
Basidiocarp(n+n)
KARYOGAMY
Diploidnuclei
MEIOSIS
Basidium containingfour haploid nuclei
Dispersal andgermination
Basidiospores(n)
Basidium withfour basidiospores
Basidiospore1 µm
Haploid mycelia
Fig. 31-20
Fig. 31-23a
A fruticose (shrublike) lichen
Fig. 31-23b
Crustose(encrusting)lichens
Fig. 31-23c
A foliose(leaflike)lichen
Fig. 31-24
Algal cell
Ascocarp of fungusSoredia
Fungal hyphae
Fungalhyphae Algal
layer
20 µ
m
Fig. 31-25a
(a) Corn smut on corn
Fig. 31-25b
(b) Tar spot fungus on maple leaves
Fig. 31-25c
(c) Ergots on rye
Fig. 31-26
Staphylococcus
Zone ofinhibitedgrowth
Penicillium
Fig. 31-UN6a
Fig. 31-UN6b
Fig. 31-UN6c
Fig. 31-UN6d
Fig. 31-UN6e
You should now be able to:
1. List the characteristics that distinguish fungi from other multicellular kingdoms
2. Describe the life cycles of Rhizopus stolonifer and Neurospora crassa
3. Distinguish among zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes
4. Describe some of the roles of fungi in ecosystems, lichens, animal-fungi mutualistic symbioses, food production, and medicine and as pathogens