SECTION 1: EARLY DIFFICULTIESSECTION 2: THE HOME FRONTSECTION 3: VICTORY IN EUROPESECTION 4: VICTORY IN ASIA

Chapter 27 American in World War II

Bell Ringer 11/21/11

Consider that Axis Powers have been at war. What Strengths and Weaknesses do you believe the Axis Powers already had in WWII.

What Strengths and Weaknesses do you believe the United Sates or other Allied Powers had going into WWII?

Remember U.S. was in isolation.

Objectives Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied and Axis

Powers in 1942 Evaluate the steps the United States took to mobilize for war

and review the steps already taken.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Axis and Allies

Allied PowersAdvantage

United States had tremendous production capacity The Soviet union (S.U.) had vast manpower Britain and the S.U. had not been defeated

Disadvantage Faced a long, drawn-out fight on several fronts Enemy held firm control of conquered area spread

over an enormous area- both in Europe and the Pacific

Strengths and Weaknesses of Axis and Allies

Axis PowersAdvantage

Better prepared for war Had firm control over invaded areas Had been rearmed since the 1930’s Already had airfields, barracks, and military training

centers Economics ready for war

Disadvantage Had to defend multiple fronts

Short Write

How might the U.S. have countered Axis advantages? 2 minutes

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Mobilization for War

Switch from peacetime to wartime. Arsenals before war employed 22,000, by the war’s

end 486,000 workers.

War Time Production

United States suspended car production and changed the production of shipyards.

Fords building B-24 bombers, jeeps, tank engines, and a wide array of other military hardware.

Civilian production of Chevrolet cars ceased. Production of trucks for military use, including Carryall Suburban's, continued throughout the war years.

Production WWII

Unemployment dropped from 14.6% in 1940 to 1.2% in 1944. Earnings nearly doubled between 1939-1945

Agriculture increased to supply food to the U.S. and Allies.

Factory jobs lured 4 million workers and the West had particularly large growth

Bell Ringer 11/22/11

According to the Allied and Axis strengths and weaknesses, what are 3 ways the United States countered their advantages?

Objectives Evaluate the steps the United States took to mobilize for war

and review the steps already taken. Analyze the War in the Pacific and Europe in the early stages

of WWII. Create a map of the war in the Pacific and Europe up to 1941

War Production Board

Number of federal employees nearly tripled from 1940-1945 1942 Roosevelt created War Production Board (WPB) to

increase military production. Regulate the production and allocation of materials and fuel

during WWII. Automobile factories- built tanks Silk Ribbon factories- parachutes Typewriter companies- machine guns Undergarment manufacturer- sewed mosquito netting Roller coaster manufacturer- bomber repair platforms

Federal Expansion

May 27,1943 the Office of War of Mobilization (OWN) was created to coordinate all government agencies involved in war effort. Independent agency of the United States. Took over for

War Production Board Directory James F. Byrnes wielded so much power is

often called “assistant president on the home front”. He coordinated production and distribution of goods.

Short Write

Why might gasoline have been an important ration item? 1.5 minutes

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Increased amount of Americans who had to pay income tax Affecting most middle- and lower- income groups Selling of war bonds allowed people to channel

their excess money and keep inflation low.

Raising an Army

Selective Training and Service Act First Peace Draft Men 18-35 Average

soldier 26, 58”, 144 lbs 1 inch taller than WWI less than ½ had finished high school.

Notice to Registrant to Appear

Began in summer of 1940 (over a year before Pearl Harbor)

Army needed to grow over 50X to fight the war!

300,000 women served in or Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) and Women's Air force Service Pilots (WASPS)

American Strategy in WWI

Europe First Concentrate military resources on European

Theatre Keep Britain in the war- Win Battle of Atlantic Caution in opening a second front in Europe

(North African Campaign begins in November 1942)

Stop Japanese offensive Protect Australia, New Guinea and Pacific

perimeter

War in the Pacific

December 7th 1941 Japan Strikes Pearl Harbor

Japanese Attack After Pearl Harbor

Clark Air Force Base bombed in the Philippines December 8, 1941 (America’s Far-East Fleet) Douglas Macarthur Over the next two weeks Japanese attacked…..

Burma and Hong Kong Center’s of British power in the Pacific

Netherlands East Indies Oil resources Japan needed

Wake Island

Battle of Java Sea

February 27,1942 in Battle of Java Sea Japanese navy crushed a fleet of Australian, British,

Dutch, and U.S. warships had been trying to block a Japanese invasion of Java

The Japanese invaded Java the next day and began their conquest of New Guinea

War in the Pacific

Defending the Philippines were more than 30,000 U.S. and 110,000 Filipino troops under overall command of General Douglas MacArthur.

Japanese bombers attacked Clark Air Force Base and overwhelmed MacArthur’s troops

Surrendered to Bataan.

Bataan Death March

Japanese forced more than 70,000 survivors to march through the jungle on their way to prison camp, estimated 5,000-11,000 died.

Stopped for water were shotBeaten or shot otherwiseDisease spread among the sick and poorly fed soldiers.

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Japan and Prisoners of War

1/3 of all American POWs died or were killed by Japanese captors

Japanese looked on surrendering troops as sub-human

Halting the Japanese Advance

Japanese ready to strike Australia, India, and through Hawaii to the Pacific coast of the United states

Commander Chester Nimitz did not consider the attack on Pearl Harbor to be a complete disaster, still able to halt Japanese Advance.

Battle of the Coral Sea

May 1942Stopped advance on AustraliaJapanese on their way to Port Moresby, New

GuineaBritish and United states troops force

intercepted themOffset bitterness of losses of Pearl Harbor,

Bataan

Battle of Midway

June 1942US Pacific fleet stopped

Japan from getting to Hawaii. First clear naval victory 2 pronged attack over Japan

Aleutian Islands near AlaskaMidway, small islands

northwest of HawaiiBroke code and Nimitz was

able to ambush Japanese attack.

Guadalcanal

August-October 1942: First major offensive in PacificUnder command of General Alexander A. VandergriftMarines ashore Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands 6

months at toehold around airportJapanese refused to surrenderTide turns in Pacific War

The East and Pacific 1941

Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) Chester Nimitz Stopped Japanese advance on Australia Offset bitterness of losses: Pearl Harbor, Bataan

Battle of Midway Chester Nimitz First clear naval victory over Japan Weakened Japanese force in Pacific

Guadalcanal (August-October 1942) General Alexander A Vandergrift First offensive in Pacific Tide turns in Pacific War

Early Fighting in Europe and the Mediterranean

Axis controlled much of Europe and lands around the Mediterranean

Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania joined Axis Powers

German U-Boats patrolled the Atlantic

North Africa

Italian force launched invasion in North Africa in 1940

Adolf sent commander Erwin Rommel also known as “Desert Fox”

Advanced as far as El Alamein, Egypt by July 1942 Ready to take Suez Canal and the oil fields of the Middle East Suffering from shortage of men and supplies

Fall 1942 British led by Bernard Montgomery pushed steadily westward out of Egypt and into Libya

British victory in the Battle of El Alamein helped turn for Allies in North Africa

Stalingrad

German troops penetrated far into Soviet Union

Closing in on Moscow and laid siege on Leningrad

June 1942 fighting for control of StalingradFinally surround Germany late 1943Germans forbidden to surrender by Hitler

while in Soviet terrible winter. Along with Alamein they broke momentum of

Axis advance.

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Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa

Battle of El Alamein British stop German drive to Suez Canal and

Mid-East oilBattle of Stalingrad

Soviets stop German drive to Soviet oil fields-end of German drive against USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (BARBAROSSA)

Graphic Organizer and Map Project

Fill in the different Battles, Leader, and the Outcome. Include important details.

Complete map project. Use different colors and designs to represent different battles and Allied or Axis forces. 10 minutes

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http://www.reisenett.no/map_collection/historical/history_ww2.html

http://www.historyofwaronline.com/WW2-5.html