Chapter 28 Study Guide Answers

Question 1

• Maria (Mare)- a large, dark area of lunar basalt.• Crater- a bowl-shaped depression that forms on

an object when another object strikes it.• Moon- a smaller natural body that orbits the sun• Satellite- a smaller natural or artificial body that

revolves around a planet ex. our moon• Regolith- layer of crushed rock and dust on the

moon’s surface.

Question 1 Cont.

• Apogee- the point when a satellite is at its farthest point from Earth in its orbit around Earth.

• Perigee-the point when a satellite is at its closest point from Earth in its orbit around Earth.

• Barycenter- the balance point of the Earth-Moon system.

Question 1 Cont.

• Comet- a small body of rock, ice, and dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the solar system.

• Asteroid- a small, rocky object that orbits the sun with a planet-like composition.

• Umbra- the inner cone shaped part of the shadow where the sunlight in completely blocked.

• Penumbra- outer part of the shadow where the sunlight is partially blocked.

Question1 Cont.

• Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think that most comets originated from. Located beyond the orbit of the former planet Pluto.

• Kuiper Belt- area where small objects orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the majority of its orbit.

Question 2

• 1.B 2.E 3.F 4.G 5.A 6.C 7.H 8.D

Question 3

• Crust, Mantle, and Core

Question 4

• 1. Impact- Mars sized object strikes Earth

• 2. Debris- Debris from impact orbited Earth

• 3. Debris eventually comes together to from moon

Question 5

• The moon has no atmosphere. Thus, the moon has no weathering or erosion.

Question 6

• Maria, rilles, ridges, and regolith

Question 7

• Depths?- Near 60 km Far 100 Km

• Why different depths?- gravitational pull of Earth.

• We always see the near side

• We always see the near side because of the similar Earth/Moon orbit.

• Near side is smooth and far side is rough, cratered, and rocky (because of impacts)

Question 8

• The tides on Earth are controlled by the gravitational pull of the moon. There are 2 high and 2 low tides each day.

Question 9

• Apollo

Question 10

• Sidereal- 27.3 Days

• Synodic- 29.5 Days

Question 11

• Meteoroid- rock that floats around in space.

• Meteor- rock that burns in Earth atmosphere.

• Meteorite- rock that strikes Earth, moon, or another planet.

Question 12

• Stony, iron, and stony-iron.

• Most common- stony

• Least common- stony-iron

• Easiest to ID- Iron (its metallic)

Question 13

• Comet a.k.a- Dirty Snowball

• Meteor a.k.a- Shooting Star

Question 14

• Nucleus, Coma, and Tail

• Solar wind and radiation pressure

Question 15

• Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think that most comets originated from. Located beyond the orbit of the former planet Pluto.

• Kuiper Belt- area where small objects orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the majority of its orbit.

Question 16

• Every 76 Years!

Question 17

• ELE- Extinction Level Event

• NEO- Near Earth Object

Question 18

• K-T Boundary

• Walter Alverez

• All over the world (initially found in Italy)

• Chixalub (Devil’s Tail) off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)

Question 19

• Iridium (element not found naturally in space and not on Earth)

• Shocked Quartz

• Impact Droplets

Question 20

• Between Mars and Jupiter• A planet had started to form, but

the gravitational pull of Jupiter was to strong.

Question 21

• Tsunami

• Fire

• Impact Winter (poisonous gases and blocking out sunlight)

• Land Shock

• Molten Rock

Question 22

• Total solar eclipse- sunlight is completely blocked

• Annular solar eclipse-thin ring of sunlight is visible around moon

Additional Information

• Order of celestial bodies for lunar and solar eclipses.

Solar- Earth, Moon, and Sun

Lunar- Moon, Earth, and Sun

• Read diagram from lab