chapter 29 central nervous system stimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder...
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Analeptics p665 Used to treat: – Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – Narcolepsy – Obesity Anorexiants Must be accompanied by diet plan for weight loss to be permanentTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 29
Central Nervous System Stimulants Used to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Agents Used to Treat Alzheimer’s
Disease
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Analeptics and Anorexiants p665• Analeptics (CNS
stimulants)• Anorexiants (appetite
suppressants)Anorexiants fall into the category of analeptics. They are CNS stimulants that depress appetite
•
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Analeptics p665• Used to treat:
– Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
– Narcolepsy– Obesity
• Anorexiants • Must be
accompanied by diet plan for weight loss to be permanent
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Central Nervous System Stimulants (analeptics) p668
• Cause CNS and cardiovascular stimulation – Restlessness– Insomnia – Anxiety– Palpitations– Tachycardia– Arrhythmias– Hypertension
• Prolonged use produces psychological dependence and tolerance
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) p665
• Characteristics:– Inattention– Hyperactivity– Impulsivity
• Identified in children and adults
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ADHD Treatment agents(analeptics) p666
• Methylphenidate HCl (Ritalin)– Produces paradoxical effect
• Calming effect• Improved attention span (ability to
focus)– May cause psychological dependence– May increase seizures in epileptics
• Pemoline (Cylert)– Produces a paradoxical effect
• Amphetamine mixture (Adderal)– Produces a paradoxical effect
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Analeptics for ADHD side effects p666
• GI distress• Insomnia• Headache• Growth suppression in children
–
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Atomoxetine HCl (Strattera) p666• Not a CNS stimulant• Increases availability of
norepinephrine– Improves the thought
process– Increases the attention
span• Side effects in adults: dry
mouth, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, constipation
• Side effects in children: N&V, abdominal pain, fatigue, dyspepsia
.
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Alzheimer’s disease p665• Loss of cognitive function and
memory • It is a progressive, degenerative,
terminal disease of brain tissue characterized by up to 75% loss of acetylcholine
• Leading cause of dementia• Meds only slow progress of
disease• Temporary effect; effective for
approximately 2 years
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Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease p668
• Donepezil (Aricept) Rivastigmine (Exelon)– Improves the
availability of acetylcholine
– Improves memory– Adverse/side effects
• Mild GI symptoms– Nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea
• Agitation during initial few weeks
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Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease p670
• Memantine (Namenda)– Action: increases levels of glutamate, a chemical
messenger involved in processing, storing, and retrieving information in the brain
– Side effects• Headache• Dizziness• Confusion• Constipation
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Alzheimer’s disease cont p671• 70% Alzheimer’s pt live at home and are
– cared for by family members
• Depression in 20% of Alzheimer’s patients• Depression in as many as 50% of Alzheimer’s care
givers• Antidepressant meds may be appropriate for
patients and their caregivers.