chapter 29 – how plants colonized land. evidence suggests land plants evolved from green algae...
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Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Evidence suggests land plants evolved from green algae
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
•Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis
•Peroxysome enzymes
•Structure of flagellated sperm
•Formation of a phragmoplast
•Genetic similarities.
Plants vs. Algae
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ancestral alga
red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes
Kingdom
Plantae
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ancestral alga
red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes
KingdomProtista
Kingdom
Streptophyta
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ancestral alga
red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes
KingdomProtista
Kingdom
Viridiplantae
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ancestral alga
red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Plantae.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ancestral alga
red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes
KingdomProtista
Derived traits of plants
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
•Apical meristem (“growing tip”)
•Alternation of generations (sporophyte and gametophyte)
•Multicellular sporangia that produce walled spores
•Multicellular gametangia
•Multicellular, dependent embryos.
Alternation of generations.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
gametophyte
sporophyte
Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
mother
child
Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an
important role in the carbon cycle.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an
important role in the carbon cycle.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an
important role in the carbon cycle.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Seedless Vascular Plants.
Club mosses Ferns
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Ferns and other seedless vascular plants formed the first forests.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
•Vascular transport
•Roots
•Leaves
•Sporophylls
•Seeds.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Evolutionary milestones:
•Xylem carries water and minerals up
•Made from dead cells called thracheids
•Lignin is a tough carbohydrate that allows the plant to grow tall.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Vascular Transport
•Phloem carries down
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Vascular Transport
•Made from living tissue.
•Absorb water and nutrients
•May have evolved from subterranean stems
•May have evolved once or several times.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Roots
Leaves
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Leaves
•Two kinds: microphylls and megaphylls.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Sporophylls
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Sporophylls
•Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
Sporophylls
•Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia
•Most seedless vascular plants make just one type of spore which develops into a bisexual gametophyte.
Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land
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