chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · chapter...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VU Research Portal
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Quality of life and cost-effectiveness oftreatmentvan Litsenburg, R.R.L.
2012
document versionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Link to publication in VU Research Portal
citation for published version (APA)van Litsenburg, R. R. L. (2012). Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Quality of life and cost-effectiveness oftreatment.
General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.
• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?
Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.
E-mail address:[email protected]
Download date: 14. Feb. 2021
![Page 2: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 3!"#"$%&'('#)*+,*-.(/�*+,*/&,"*1.$&'2*&'1.34+'*
#5"$(60*&'*6"1&(#$&3*(3.#"*/0%65+7/()43*/".8"%&(
!"#$"%&'(!)*)(+",(*-./',01234(5""#(61-/7",4(!80(9-'.'2/4(:$2-/(;'2$""<4 ='2.>",(5)*)(?"/#'2/4(!'-,81@(5)A)5)(='7<'
!"#$%&'(
![Page 3: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
!"#$%&'()48
Abstract
*+$',-&+&.%(/.(01'-/-#2(,3($&4/#%'/5(651%&(78+$",92#0:5(7&1;&+/#(<677=("#0(/.5'�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‐#.5&(/.(05,'&0A(*+$#/'&4(@,7(D#0(+,0%(,U&.(#00,5/#%&4(D/%"(,24&'(5"/24'&.(#.4(B/'20A(620,C(3#%"&'G'&0$,.4&.%0(0&&+(%,("#-&(#(2,D&'(@,7($&'5&$:,.(5,+$#'&4(%,(+,%"&'G'&0$,.4&.%0(#2%",1B"(%"/0(.&&40(%,(9&(5,.E'+&4(/.(31%1'&('&0&#'5"A([$&5/E5(5,1.0&2/.B(3,'(%"&0&(0190&%0(,3($#:&.%0(41'/.B(%"&(&#'28($"#0&0(,3(%"&'#$8(/0(D#''#.%&4A(
![Page 4: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
49!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
!"#$%&'()%"
30"&+( 4'256)7$#810( 4+"9+2%#( :344;( %8( &6+(2)8&( 0)22).( &'5+( )*( 06%$,6)),( 0#.0+-<(=>+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8"->%>#$(*)$$)?%./(&-+#&2+.&(*)-(06%$,6)),(344(6#8(%25-)>+,(8"7‐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‐.#.&8<(U6+(-+8"$&8()*(&6+(X-8&(#88+882+.&()*(!)4(#.,(%&8(,+&+-2%.#.&8(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&6+-#5'(#-+(-+5)-&+,(6+-+<(
Methods
*+),"#-
3($)./%&",%.#$(5-)85+01>+(2"$1B0+.&-+(0)6)-&(8&",'(?#8(,+8%/.+,<(_#-+.&8()*(06%$,-+.(*-)2( 8%\( )*( 8+>+.(O"&06( 5+,%#&-%0( ).0)$)/'( 0+.&+-8(?+-+( +.-)$$+,`( a22#( b6%$,-+.c8(W)85%&#$(30#,+2%0(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(328&+-,#2G(e.%>+-8%&'(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(f-).%./+.G(4+%,+.(e.%>+-8%&'(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(4+%,+.G(R#,7)",(e.%>+-8%&'(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(g%P2+/+.G(h%$6+$2%.#(b6%$,-+.c8(W)85%&#$(e.%>+-8%&'(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(e&-+06&G(#.,(ie(e.%>+-8%&'(d+,%0#$(b+.&+-(328&+-,#2<(_#-+.&8()*(06%$,-+.(7+&?++.(&6+(#/+8()*(F(#.,(T@('+#-8(,%#/.)8+,(?%&6( 344( #.,( &-+#&+,( #00)-,%./( &)( &6+( O"&06( b6%$,6)),( =.0)$)/'( f-)"5(:Ob=f;( 344TA( 5-)&)0)$( ?+-+( +$%/%7$+<( _#-+.&8( ?+-+( -+L"%-+,( &)( 7+( Z"+.&( %.( O"&06<(
![Page 5: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
!"#$%&'()50
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
Procedure
N'0/(O6%0>&'(PQQF(4++(O6%0>&'(PQQR($#'&-%3(0C(-&.+:(,*#5-03&,($#4&-%3(.&'&(*-E*%&,(%0($#'46*$#%&(*-(%"&(3%A,:8(S#'&-%3(.*++*-5(%0($#'46*$#%&(.&'&(#$$'0#6"&,(.*%"*-(%"&(T'3%(.&&J3(#K&'(,*#5-03*3(>:(0-&(0C(%"&($'*-6*$#+('&3&#'6"&'3(#-,('&6&*E&,(#,,*40-#+(E&'>#+(#-,(.'*U&-(*-C0'/#40-(0-(%"&(3%A,:8(D(>00J+&%(60-%#*-*-5(%"&(?0@(/A'&3(#-,(#,,*‐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`(,#%#>#3&38(B02*6*%:(.#3(5'#,&,(#660',*-5(%0(%"&(Z#40-#+(!#-6&'(_-34%A%&(!0//0-(B02*6*%:(!'*%&'*#8(D++(3&'*0A3(%02*6*%:(75'#,&()1G;(,A'*-5(*-,A640-H60-30+*,#40-(%'&#%/&-%(.#3(*-6+A,&,(*-(%"&(#-#+:3*38(B"&(3%A,:(.#3(#$$'0E&,(0C(>:("(0C(%"&(/&,*‐6#+(&%"*6#+('&E*&.(>0#',3(0C(%"&($#'46*$#4-5(*-34%A40-38
Measures
S#'&-%1$'02:('&$0'%3(.&'&(60++&6%&,(A3*-5(#(5&-&'*6(#-,(#(,*3&(3$&6*T6(*-3%'A/&-%8(B"&(9A%6"(E&'3*0-(0C(%"&(!"*+,(L&#+%"(?A&340--#*'&(7!L?;(]Q(*%&/3($#'&-%1C0'/(*3(#(5&-&'*6(?0@(#33&33/&-%(%00+(%"#%("#3(3"0.-(500,('&+*#>*+*%:(#-,(E#+*,*%:(abQc<(bQMd8(B"*3(*-3%'A/&-%(60E&'3(%"&($":3*6#+<(&/040-#+(#-,(306*#+(.&++1>&*-5(0C(6"*+,'&-(#-,(#++0.3(C0'(%.0(3A//#':(360'&3(7$":3*6#+(#-,($3:6"0306*#+;8(_%&/3(#'&(360'&,(A3*-5(#(C0A'(%0(3*2($0*-%(@*J&'%(36#+&(#-,(60-E&'%&,(%0(#(Q(%0(bQQ($0*-%(60-4-AA/<(.*%"("*5"&'(360'&3(*-,*‐6#4-5(>&U&'(?0@8(9A%6"(-0'/3(#'&(#E#*+#>+&(#-,(#++0.(C0'(#(60/$#'*30-(.*%"(%"&(9A%6"("&#+%":( $0$A+#40-( abQMd8( B"&( S&,*#%'*6( !#-6&'(?A#+*%:( 0C( @*C&( _-E&-%0':( )8Q%/(D6A%&(
![Page 6: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
51!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
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
!"#$%$&%
TE+(Uצ#$(7#0H#/+(*)-(U)0%#$(U0%+.0+5( 6U7UU9( *)-(V%.,)D5(C+-5%).(MW@X(D#5("5+,(*)-(#$$(&E+(#.#$'5+5@(Y%P+-+.0+5(%.(,+2)/-#=E%0(C#-%#B$+5(B+&D++.(&E+(5&",'(/-)"=(#.,(&E+(.).<=#-10%=#.&5(D+-+(0#$0"$#&+,("5%./(Z#..<VE%&.+'([(&+5&5(#.,(0E%<5?"#-+(&+5&5@(TE+(,%P+-+.0+(%.(!)8(50)-+5(B+&D++.(&E+(\88(/-)"=(#.,(.)-25(D#5(#55+55+,("5%./().+(5%,+,(&<&+5&5@(]P+0&(5%^+5(D+-+(0#$0"$#&+,(#5(*)$$)D5_(Q2+#.(6#9(`(2+#.(6B9a$#-/+5&(5&#.‐,#-,(,+C%#1).(50)-+(6UY9SF(DE%0E(2+#.5(&E#&(,%P+-+.0+5(B+&D++.(/-)"=5(#-+(+G=-+55+,(%.(".%&5()*(&E+($#-/+5&(D%&E%.</-)"=(5&#.,#-,(,+C%#1).@(]P+0&(5%^+5(B+&D++.(X@:(#.,(X@W(D+-+(0).5%,+-+,(&)(%.,%0#&+(#(52#$$(+P+0&F(+P+0&(5%^+5(B+&D++.(X@W(#.,(X@N(#(2),+-#&+(+P+0&F(#.,(+P+0&(5%^+5(bX@N(D+-+(0).5%,+-+,(&)(-+=-+5+.&(#($#-/+(+P+0&(QMXRF(MMXS@(
TE+(,%P+-+.0+(%.(!)8(B+&D++.(&E+(\88(/-)"=(#.,(&E+(.)-2(D#5(*"-&E+-(+G=$)-+,(B'(0#$0"$#1./(&E+(."2B+-()*(\88(=#1+.&5(D%&E(#(0$%.%0#$$'(2+#.%./*"$(%2=#%-+,(!)8@(4#-.%(+&( #$@( QMMMS( =-+C%)"5$'( +5&#B$%5E+,( &E#&( %.( E+#$&E'( 0E%$,-+.( 50)-+5( ).+( UY( B+$)D( &E+(=)="$#1).(2+#.(%.,%0#&+(#(0$%.%0#$$'(2+#.%./*"$$'(%2=#%-+,(!)8F(5%.0+(&E%5(%5(5%2%$#-(&)(50)-+5( %.(#(=)="$#1).(D%&E(5+C+-+(0E-).%0(0).,%1).5@(c)$$)D%./(=-+C%)"5(-+5+#-0E(%.(&E%5(>+$,F(*)-(&E+(0)2=#-%5).()*()"-(0#.0+-(=)="$#1).(D%&E(E+#$&E'(3J!(.)-25(#(0"&<)P(=)%.&()*(<:UY(D#5(+2=$)'+,(QMX:F(MXOS@(c)-(&E+(7+,5!8F(#(0"&<)P()*(<MUY(D#5("5+,(5%.0+(&E+(0)2=#-%5).(D#5(2#,+(D%&E(0#.0+-(.)-25(#5()==)5+,(&)(E+#$&E'(.)-25@(
TE+( =)&+.1#$( ,+&+-2%.#.&5( )*( !)8( D+-+( 0$#55%>+,( %.&)( 0E%$,( 0E#-#0&+-%5105( 6#/+F(/+.,+-9F(&-+#&2+.&(0E#-#0&+-%5105(6,#'5(5%.0+(,%#/.)5%5F(-%5H(/-)"=F(#,2%55%).(,#'5(#.,(&-+#&2+.&(&)G%0%&'9(#.,(=#-+.&(0E#-#0&+-%5105(6#/+F(/+.,+-(#.,(E%/E+5&(+,"0#1).()*(&E+(-+5=).,+.&F(*#2%$'(5%&"#1).9@(T)(,+&+-2%.+(DE%0E(*#0&)-5(,+&+-2%.+(&E+(0)--+$#&+5()*(!)8F(>-5&(#(".%C#-%#&+($%.+#-(-+/-+55%).(#.#$'5%5(D#5(=+-*)-2+,@(c#0&)-5(#55)0%#&+,(D%&E(!)8(D%&E(#(=<C#$"+(dX@M(D+-+(+.&+-+,(%.(#(*)-D#-,(5+$+01).(2"$1=$+(-+/-+55%).(2),+$@(U%/.%>0#.0+($+C+$(D#5(5+&(#&(&D)<5%,+,(=dX@XW(*)-(#$$(#.#$'5+5@
![Page 7: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
!"#$%&'()52
Results
Demographics
*+(%"&(,%-./&.($&'/0.1(233(4"/5.'&+(6&'&(+&657(./#8+0,&.(6/%"(9::(#%(0+&(0;(%"&($#'<4/‐$#<+8(4&+%&',=(>"/'%7?%60($#<&+%,(6&'&(+0%(&5/8/@5&(#+.(3A($#<&+%,(6&'&(+0%(/+B/%&.(%0($#'<4/$#%&(.-&(%0(#(B#'/&%7(0;('&#,0+,(CD&./4#5(#+.($,74"0,04/#5(40D$5/4#<0+,1(#.B/4&(0;(%"&(%'&#<+8(D&./4#5(%&#D1(0'8#+/E#<0+#5($'0@5&D,F1(,&&(G/8-'&()=H(;0'(.&%#/5,=(9(%0%#5(0;(HIJ(;#D/5/&,(6&'&(/+B/%&.(%0(%#K&($#'%(/+(%"/,(,%-.7(#+.(H3A(#8'&&.=(!0D$5&%&.(L-&,‐<0++#/'&,(6&'&('&%-'+&.(@7(H)H($#'&+%,(C'&,$0+,&('#%&(M2NF=(O+&(L-&,<0++#/'&(6#,('&%-'+&.(50+8(#P&'(%"&(/+.-4<0+($"#,&1(%"/,($#<&+%(6#,(&Q45-.&.(;'0D(%"&(#+#57,/,=(>"&(.&D08'#$"/4(B#'/#@5&,(0;(%"&(H)R($#'<4/$#+%,(#'&(.&D0+,%'#%&.(/+(>#@5&()=H=(>"&(D&./#+(#8&(0;(%"&($#<&+%,(6#,(3=S(7&#',(C/+%&'L-#'<5&('#+8&1(*TU1(I=HF1(I2(CJMNF(6&'&(
!"#$%&'()*+,-"'&.//&0)1("+1-&(+&-12'%&0"3(,'4&566
789$2'"'&0)1("+1-4&:5; )*"4&6
; 9,;<,3=('(1%4&>; $)+*2)*"4&?:
; +,1&13")1"'&)99,3'(+*&1,&.//?@4&A; '"9")-"'&="B,3"&(+B,3<"'&9,+-"+14&A
7$(*(=$"&0)1("+1-4&55:
!,1&(+C(1"'&1,&0)31(9(0)1"&(+&-12'%4&6D; 0-%9E,-,9()$&3")-,+-4&D; <"'(9)$&9,<0$(9)1(,+-4&>; ,3*)+(F)1(,+)$&(--2"-4&5
; ,1E"34&A5
G)1("+1-&(+C(1"'&1,&0)31(9(0)1"&(+&-12'%4&?>A
!,&(+B,3<"'&9,+-"+1&03,C('"'4&6
H+B,3<"'&9,+-"+14&?6D
G)3"+1)$&#(1E'3)#)$4&5I; <"'(9)$J0-%9E,-,9()$&9,<0$(9)1(,+-4&?K
; ,3*)+(F)1(,+)$&(--2"-4&??
G)31(9(0)+1-4&?:?
789$2'"'&B3,<&)+)$%-(-4&?
.+)$%F"'4&?:@
Figure 3.1 V%-.7($#'<4/$#+%,(#+.(+0+?$#'<4/$#+%,
![Page 8: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
53!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
*+2#$+3(!"+41)..#%-+4(5+-+(6$$+,()"&(#&(#(2+,%#.(12+(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4()*(78(,#'4(9:!;(<83=>3(?%/@&++.(0@%$,-+.(9ABC>(@#,(#(D;(EFFG(5@%0@(5#4(H#4+,().(#(I))-(I-+,.%4).+(-+4I).4+().(,#'(8(%.(A7(I#1+.&43(J@+(2+,%#.(."2H+-()*(#,2%44%).(,#'4(I-%)-(&)(&@+(4"H2%44%).()*( &@+(K"+41)..#%-+4(5#4(#L#%$#H$+( *)-(MA(0@%$,-+.(#.,(5#4(A=( 9:!;(AB>3(;+4I).,+.&4(5+-+(2)4&$'(2)&@+-4(98NC>G(2+#.(#/+(78ON('+#-43(P)4&(0@%$,-+.(9Q7C>(@#,().+()-(H)&@(I#-+.&4(H)-.(%.(&@+(R+&@+-$#.,43(J@+-+(5+-+(.)(4ւ#$$'(4%/.%60#.&(,%S+-+.0+4(H+&5++.(&@+(4&",'(/-)"I(#.,(&@+(+$%/%H$+(I#1+.&4(&@#&(,%,(.)&(I#-10%I#&+(%.(&@+(4&",'3(J@+(2+,%#.(#/+()*(&@+(.).TI#-10%I#.&4(5#4(=3N(9:!;(N3U>('+#-4(9IVU3NN>G(BMC(5#4(*+2#$+(9IVU38Q>(#.,(<7C(@#,(#(D;(EFF(9IVU3<<>3
!"#$%&'()$*"&+,(-./00)#1(
!)F( #4( 2+#4"-+,( 5%&@( &@+( WD!( 5#4( 4%/.%60#.&$'( 9IXU3UUA>( %2I#%-+,( 0)2I#-+,( &)(@+#$&@'(0).&-)$4().(#$$(40#$+4(+Y0+I&(*)-(*#2%$'(0)@+4%).(9J#H$+(73<>3(Z0)-+4(5+-+(@%/@+-().(&@+(*#2%$'(0)@+4%).(4"H40#$+(%.(&@+(EFF(I)I"$#1).(0)2I#-+,(&)(&@+(.)-2(9IXU3UA>(
Table 3.1 [+2)/-#I@%0(L#-%#H$+4()*(&@+(I#-10%I#1./(EFF(I#1+.&4
\#-%#H$+ N \#$"+
W@%$,(*#0&)-4]
E/+](R(9C>( A7U
<TB('+#-4 =<(9BU>
=TM('+#-4 7N(9<8>
8TA<('+#-4 <8(9<A>
^A7('+#-4 AB(9AA>
_+2#$+](R(9C> A7U N<(9B8>
J%2+(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4(%.(,#'4](2+,%#.(9:!;> 129 78(9<83=>
;%4`(/-)"I](R(9C> A7U
Standard 7U(9<7>
P+,%"2 8<(9N7>
D%/@ A8(9AB>
E,2%44%).(,#'4](2+,%#.(9:!;> 71 A=(9AB>
a#-+.&(*#0&)-4]1
E/+(%.('+#-4](2+#.(9Z[> A7U 78(9N>
_+2#$+](R(9C> A7U AA<(98N>
D%/@+4&(+,"0#1). A7U
D%/@(40@))$ A=(9A<>
\)0#1).#$(&-#%.%./ N7(9B8>
W)$$+/+ 7N(9<8>
b.%L+-4%&' AN(9A<>
Z%./$+(I#-+.&2](R(9C> 128 A=(9A<>
1(-+4I).,+.&(0@#-#0&+-%4104G(2(0@%$,($%L%./(5%&@().+(I#-+.&()-(#$&+-.#&+$'(5%&@(+%&@+-(I#-+.&
![Page 9: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
!"#$%&'()54
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‐-*#6(97<<#'N(9-3'&(Q)OC@S(=D>LA?(T&;&'(-"*6,'&+("#,(9-3'&9(63;&'(%"#+(I@JK(3+(%"&(9709-#6&9(0&"#F*3'(=CSOC)>5(C)LA(#+,(E#<*6N(-3"&9*3+(=QOC)>5(DLA?(
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
H#06&()?)(,&<3+9%'#%&9(%"&('&976%9(3E(%"&(<76.$6&('&/'&99*3+(#+#6N9*9?(X&-#79&(-"*6,(#+,($#'&+%(#/&(;&'&("*/"6N(-3''&6#%&,(=-3''&6#.3+(-3&[-*&+%(>?Q@5($Z>?>>CA5(3+6N(-"*6,(
Table 3.2 !"*6,(\%"(27&9.3++#*'&M(V44(9-3'&9(-3<$#'&,(%3("%"N(+3'<(9-3'&9
V44B&#+(=JKA
]3'<1
B&#+(=JKA^8&-%(J*:&2
$IF#67&)PDL(!U(3E(%"&(,*8&'&+-&(
_"N9*-#6(T7+-.3+*+/ GC?Q(=@S?QA PP?C(=G?)A 2.1 Z>?>>C D@?SIQ@?)
`36&(4*<*%#.3+9M(&<3.3+#6O0&"#F*3'#6 GP?S(=GC?@A PS?P(=S?@A 1.2 Z>?>>C GC?>IDD?G
`36&(4*<*%#.3+9M($"N9*-#6 @S?P(=))?RA PD?R(=CD?QA @?> Z>?>>C Q@?>IS)?R
X3,*6N(_#*+ )R?R(=@D?GA RD?S(=CS?@A 1.8 Z>?>>C G@?DIDC?)
X&"#F*3' S@?D(=C)?PA SR?D(=C)?CA >?G Z>?>>C )?QIR?G
B&+%#6(\%" Q@?Q(=CG?SA RC?G(=C@?CA C?) Z>?>>C CQ?)I@C?G
J&6EI&9%&&< DP?Q(=CP?CA SP?@(=CC?>A C?> Z>?>>C CQ?)I@)?>
a&+&'#6(\%"(_&'-&$.3+ DP?@(=CR?GA R@?P(=C)?GA C?) Z>?>>C @>?DI@Q?P
_#'&+%#6(U<$#-%M(&<3.3+#6 G@?R(=@@?RA RQ?)(=CD?@A 1.9 Z>?>>C )P?DIGS?G
_#'&+%#6(U<$#-%M(.<& G)?P(=@Q?RA PG?>(=C)?>A 1.9 Z>?>>C 45.4‐54.7
T#<*6N(V-.F*.&9 GG?C(=CP?>A PC?D(=CC?PA 2.5 Z>?>>C GG?CID>?S
T#<*6N(!3"&9*3+ SQ?P(=CP?@A S@?@(=CP?GA I>?@ Z>?>C IC?GI(IR?>
_"N9*-#6(J7<<#'N(J-3'&( @>?@(=CG?@A DQ?G(=D?SA 2.5 Z>?>>C ))?SI)R?Q
_9N-"393-*#6(J7<<#'N(J-3'& G>?D(=P?)A D)?@(=Q?GA 1.4 Z>?>>C CC?CICG?)
\*/"&'(9-3'&9(*+,*-#%&(0&1&'(234?(_"N9*-#6(#+,(_9N-"393-*#6(97<<#'N(9-3'&9(#'&(0#9&,(3+(#(E#-%3'I#+#6N.-#6(<3,&6(3+(b?J?($3$76#.3+(9#<$6&9?(V(9-3'&(3E(D>(=C>A('&$'&9&+%9(%"&(<&#+(=JKA(*+(%"&(/&+&'#6(b?J?($3$76#.3+?(1(K7%-"(+3'<(9-3'&9(-3+9*9%(3E(#(9#<$6&(3E("%"N(9-"336I#/&,(-"*6,'&+(#/&,(0&%;&&+(DIC)(N&#'9(cC>Rd?(2(^8&-%(9*:&(Y(c<&#+=#A(e(<&#+(=0AO6#'/&9%(9%#+,#',(,&F*#.3+(9-3'&(=JKAd?(J<#66(&8&-%M(>?@I>?D5(<3,&'#%&(&8&-%M(>?DI>?R5(6#'/&(&8&-%(f>?R?()(g+&I9*,&,(%I%&9%?
![Page 10: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
55!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
Table 3.2a 3.%4#-%#&+(#.#$'5%5()*(,
+&+-2%.#.&5(*)
-(&6+(76
%$,(8+#$&6
(!"+
51).
.#%-+
(50)-+5
76%$,(06#-#0&+-%5105
9:4#$"+(;<(=(5>+>?
@-+#&2
+.&((06#-#0&+-%5105
9:4#$"+(;<(=(5>+>?
9#-+.&((06#-#0&+-%5105(
9:4#$"+(;<(=(5>+>?
A/+(%.('+#-5
B+2#$+
C#'5(5%.0+(,%#/.)5%5
8%/6(-%5D(/-)"E
A,2%55%).(,#'5
@-+#&2+.&(&)F%0%&'
A/+(%.('+#-5
B+2#$+
3.%4+-5%&'(+,"0#1).
G%./$+(E#-+.&
96'5%0#$(B".
01).
%./
H>IH
;:H>IJ
=H>KL?
H>HJ
M;:L>HM
=I>LN?
H>KO
(;H>HM=H>NN
?H>PH
;J>HM=M>JL
?H>HJ
O;:H>PK
=H>NK?
H>QH
;:H>QM
=H>QI?
H>OQ
;:H>NQ
=H>QJ?
H>HP
;NM>OI
=M>LO?
H>HP
:NM>JQ
=O>PI
H>IM
;:K>IL
=O>IN?
R)$+(S%2
%)
.5T(
+2)1
).#$U
V+6#4%)-#$
H>NN
;:N>IP
=H>LO?
H>NI
;:NH
>LN=O>PL
?H>QK
(;H>NK=H>NM
?H>ML
;I>IJ=NH
>LK?
H>PJ
;:H>PI
=H>PP?
H>IH
;:H>II
=H>KP?
H>PH
;:H>OK
=H>KL?
H>HL
;NL>QH
=NH>IO
?H>MK
;K>NH=NN
>NQ?
H>MO
;:I>OM
=NN>NN
?
R)$+(S%2
%)
.5T(
E6'5%0#$
H>HI
;:N>IK
=H>OH?
H>KM
;:Q>KQ
=K>JO?
H>PL
(;H>NI=H>NQ
?H>OK
;:P>OL
=L>LQ?
H>MH
;:H>NH
=H>NJ?
H>QQ
;:H>IN
=H>IP?
H>NH
;:H>OL
=H>IO?
H>HQ
;NL>II
=L>IO?
H>HO
;:NM
>IH=L>JK
?H>LP
;P>HL=L>JI
?
<),%$'(9#%.
H>HP
;:N>PJ
=H>KP?
H>HO
;:L>NQ
=I>IP?
WH>HHN
(;H>QM=H>NH
?H>PM
;O>PQ=M>IK
?H>HJ
;:H>PQ
=H>NI?
H>HM
;:H>KJ
=H>QN?
H>PH
;:H>IM
=H>QM?
H>NO
;L>LJ=M>IQ
?H>HJ
;:NN
>IQ=M>OI
?H>NP
;:NH
>KI=M>OM
?
<+6#4%)-
H>NI
;H>IQ=H>PJ
?H>JH
;:H>QP
=P>IK?
H>NO
(;H>HL=H>HK
?H>LI
;H>OQ=Q>KI
?H>MO
;:H>HQ
=H>HL?
H>QO
;:H>NM
=H>NO?
H>OK
;H>HM=H>PH
?H>IH
;P>JL=Q>KQ
?H>IP
;:P>JJ
=Q>ON?
H>QI
;:Q>KI
=Q>ON?
X+.
&#$(8
+#$&6
H>MN
;:H>NM
=H>QN?
H>HI
;:K>PI
=P>KM?
WH>HHN
(;H>PP=H>HM
?H>NQ
;K>ON=Q>OP
?H>QP
;:H>HL
=H>HL?
H>HQ
;:H>QJ
=H>NL?
H>OQ
;H>HO=H>PN
?H>NI
;K>KO=Q>OP
?H>OH
;:N>KN
=Q>JK?
H>NH
;:M>IJ
=Q>JQ?
G+$*(Y5&++2
H>KP
;:H>PM
=H>IH?
H>OJ
;:H>LJ
=Q>IH?
H>JM
(;H>HHI
=H>HL?
H>MH
;P>MH=I>LO
?H>JJ
;H>HHQ
=H>NJ?
H>LJ
;H>HQ=H>PI
?H>PN
;:H>QI
=H>PO?
H>HJ
;L>IJ=I>JI
?H>QM
;:I>MJ
=K>NN?
H>OJ
;:N>QJ
=K>NK?
Z+.
+-#$(8+#$&6
(9+-0+E
1).
H>HM
;H>OQ=H>QL
?H>JH
;:H>IP
=Q>PK?
H>IL
(;:H>HK
=H>HO?
H>QM
;:I>QQ
=I>MJ?
H>NM
;H>NQ=H>HJ
?H>NJ
;H>QH=H>PQ
?H>HL
;H>IK=H>PM
?H>OO
;N>QO=I>OH
?H>NM
;:M>JN
=I>JN?
H>HJ
Q;:L>PI
=I>LO?
9#-+.&#$([2
E#0&T(
+2)1
).#$
H>PL
;:H>KN
=H>IL?
H>HP
;:J>NI
=Q>JQ?
H>HQ
(;H>NL=H>HJ
?H>HM
;NN>HP
=K>OP?
H>QI
;:H>NP
=H>NQ?
H>LN
;:H>HO
=H>PL?
H>IO
;:H>PQ
=H>QP?
H>HH
I;NM>QJ
=K>MP?
H>NN
;:J>MQ
=M>HI?
H>JO
;H>PQ=M>HK
?
9#-+.&#$([2
E#0&T(
12+
H>JN
;:H>HO
=H>KM?
H>HO
;:L>MN
=I>MK?
H>HQ
(;H>PQ=H>NH
?H>PN
;L>IL=M>OL
?H>MO
;:H>HM
=H>NI?
H>PP
;H>IN=H>QQ
?H>JQ
;:H>HI
=H>QL?
H>HN
;NM>MH
=M>MM?
H>MI
;:Q>QL
=O>NM?
H>KJ
;:Q>LO
=O>NK?
![Page 11: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
!"#$%&'()56
Table 3.2a *+,-#',#%&(#+#./0,0(12(3
&%&'4,+#+%0(21
'(%"&(!"
,.3(5&#.%"
(67&
081+
+#,'&
(091'&0(:91+
8+7&
3;
!",.3(9"#'#9%&',0890
<=-#.7&(:>(?(0@&@;
A'&#%4
&+%((9"#'#9%&',0890
<=-#.7&(:>(?(0@&@;
<#'&+%((9"#'#9%&',0890(
<=-#.7&(:>(?(0@&@;
BC&(,+(/&#'0
D&4#.&
E#/0(0,+9&(3,#C+10,0
5,C"(',0F(C'17$
B34,00,1+(3#/0
A'&#%4&+%(%1G,9,%/
BC&(,+(/&#'0
D&4#.&
*+,-&'0,%/(&379#81+
H,+C.&($#'&+%
D#4,./(B98-,8&
0I@JI
:I@KL?I@MI
;I@K)
:=M@IL
?)@));
I@LN
(:I@LI?I@IO
;I@NI
:=L@KK
?M@NP;
I@)L
:=I@LL
?I@LI;
I@KL
:=I@)I
?I@K);
I@JO
:=I@LK
?I@KO;
I@LQ
:J@)K?M@NL
;I@IQ
:=N@OK
?P@IM;
I@)M
:M@NQ?P@IJ
;
D#4,./(!1"
&0,1+
I@NM
:=I@IN
?I@MI;
I@O)
:L@LN?)@)N
;I@)Q
(:=I@IO
?I@IN;
I@LM
:O@LJ?M@NM
;I@)Q
:=I@IQ
?I@LI;
I@KJ
:=I@KO
?I@KM;
I@MI
:=I@K)
?I@KO;
I@LM
:=O@LJ
?M@NM;
I@N)
:=L@IN
?P@LM;
I@IP
:=LI
@KQ?P@IO
;
<"/0,9#.(
H744#'/(H91'&
I@LK
:=I@MJ
?I@)I;
I@LN
:=)@)O
?K@PK;
I@KK
(:I@IO?I@IJ
;I@OO
:L@IN?)@OL
;I@MJ
:=I@LL
?I@LM;
I@PO
:=I@LI
?I@LN;
I@MK
:=I@LO
?I@KI;
I@IK
:N@OI?)@J)
;I@IL
:=Q@)N
?)@OK;
I@M)
:=K@QQ
?)@OQ;
<0/9"1
019,#.(
H744#'/(H91'&
I@MQ
:=I@LM
?I@KI;
I@IO
:=K@QQ
?L@JM;
I@IK
(:I@IQ?I@IM
;I@L)
:)@JO?K@ML
;I@NM
:=I@IK
?I@LI;
I@PO
:=I@IO
?I@LK;
I@MN
:=I@IQ
?I@L);
I@IK
:P@JP?K@)N
;I@QP
:=I@LO
?K@PI;
I@)O
:=K@KM
?K@MQ;
0@&@(R(0%#+3
#'3(&''1'@(<1
0,8-&(>(91&S
9,&+
%0(,+3,9#%&(%"
#%(%"
&(:,+
9'�,+C(-#.7&
(12(%"&
;(3&%&'4,+#+%0(#'&(#0019,#%&3(T,%"
(#(U&V
&'(61WX(+&C#8
-&(>(91&
S9,&+
%0(,+3,9#%&(%"
#%(%"
&(:,+
9'�,+C(-#.7&
(12(%"&
;(3&
%&'4
,+#+%0(#'&(#0019,#%&3(T,%"
(#($11
'&'(61W@@(
![Page 12: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
57!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
#/+(3#4( %.0$",+,(%.&)(&5+(2),+$( %*(6)&5(05%$,(#/+(#.,(7#-+.&(#/+(8"#$%9+,(*)-( %.0$"‐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
!"#$%&'$()*+%,$&-)./)0$/")123"2&.'-)4%2("')3"'5$.2
!)K(#4(2+#4"-+,(3%&5(&5+(L+,4!K(=;#6$+(J:F?(3#4(4%/.%90#.&$'(%27#%-+,(0)27#-+,(&)(&5+(-+*+-+.0+(7)7"$#1).().( &5+(4"640#$+4(7#%.( =7MN:NNHC(+O+0&(4%P+(N:Q?C(7-)0+,"-#$(#.D%+&'(=7RN:NJC(+O+0&(4%P+(N:E?(#.,(0)22".%0#1).(=7MN:NNHC(+O+0&(4%P+(N:F?:(S)-(&5+4+(
Table 3.3 G"$17$+($%.+#-(-+/-+44%).(#.#$'4%4()*(&5+(,+&+-2%.#.&4(#44)0%#&+,(3%&5(&5+(T5%$,(U+#$&5(!"+41)..#%-+(40)-+4(
V0#$+ B+&+-2%.#.& LW<#$"+ X(Y(4:+: >(48"#-+
>)$+(K%2%).4Z(75'4%0#$ L#-+.&(*+2#$+ N:NJ H[:FHY[:J\ N:N@
T5%$,(#/+ N:NF WH:F\YN:]Q
X),%$'(L#%. B#'4(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4 MN:NNH N:J@YN:NQ N:EF
T5%$,(*+2#$+ N:NNQ WHH:N]YF:H\
T5%$,(#/+( N:NNF WH:FEYN:F[
;-+#&2+.&(&)D%0%&' N:NF WN:]NYN:EQ
^.%<+-4%&'(+,"0#1). N:NF WHE:]QY]:HN
G+.&#$(U+#$&5 B#'4(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4 MN:NNH N:EFYN:N\ N:H@
T5%$,(*+2#$+ N:NNF W@:HNYE:FJ
I+.+-#$(U+#$&5 T5%$,(#/+ N:NH N:Q]YN:JQ N:N@
V%./$+(7#-+.& N:NJ WHN:[JYF:[Q
L#-+.&#$(_27#0&Z(+2)1).#$ T5%$,(*+2#$+ N:NH WQ:\QYJ:[E N:HJ
L#-+.&(*+2#$+ N:NH HJ:@QY\:F[
B#'4(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4 N:NE N:ENYN:NQ
L#-+.&#$(_27#0&Z(12+ L#-+.&(*+2#$+ N:NF HF:NEY]:\Q N:HH
B#'4(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4 N:NE N:EFYN:HN
T5%$,(*+2#$+ N:NF WQ:@\YF:]N
L4'05)4)0%#$(V"22#-'(V0)-+ L#-+.&(*+2#$+ N:N\ F:@JYE:JF N:HH
B#'4(4%.0+(,%#/.)4%4 N:NH N:NQYN:NF
S+2#$+(05%$, N:NJ WJ:\FYH:]E
4:+:(R(4&#.,#-,(+--)-:(L)4%1<+(X(0)+`0%+.&4(%.,%0#&+(&5#&(&5+(=%.0-+#4%./(<#$"+()*(&5+?(,+&+-2%.#.&4(#-+(#44)0%#&+,(3%&5(#(6+a+-(!)KC(.+/#1<+(X(0)+`0%+.&4(%.,%0#&+(&5#&(&5+(=%.0-+#4%./(<#$"+()*(&5+?(,+&+-2%.#.&4(#-+(#44)0%#&+,(3%&5(#(7))-+-(!)K:
![Page 13: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
!"#$%&'()58
*+,#-./0(#(12-.-1#223(,&#.-.4562(2+7&'(8+9(7#/(5+6.*(-.(:;<0(==<(#.*();<(+5($#>&.%/0('&/$&1>?&23@( 8+9( 7#/( A&B&'( %"#.( %"&( '&5&'&.1&( $+$62#>+.( +.( %"&( 7+''3( /6A/1#2&(C$DE@EEFG0(#2%"+64"(%"&(&H&1%(/-I&(7#/(/,#22(CJE@)G@(K99($#>&.%/(*-*(A&B&'(1+,$#'&*(%+(%"&('&5&'&.1&($+$62#>+.(+.(%"&(5+22+7-.4(/1#2&/L(.#6/&#(FMNF)E(CF=<G0(%'&#%,&.%(#.O-&%3(FFNF)E(CP<G0(1+4.->+.(=ENF=Q(CFM@M<G0(7+''3(RNF=P(CM<G(#.*($"3/-1#2(#$$&#'‐#.1&(FENF=Q(CP<G@
S.(%"&(6.-?#'-#%&(#.#23/-/(CT#A2&()@:#G(%"&(&H&1%(+5(1"-2*(#4&(7#/(*&$&.*&.%(+.(%"&(8+9(*+,#-.@(U+'(&O#,$2&0(3+6.4&'(#4&(7#/(#//+1-#%&*(7-%"(#($++'&'(8+9(5+'($'+1&*6'#2(#.O-&%3( CVW:@E0( $DE@EEFG( #.*( %'&#%,&.%( #.O-&%3( CVWF@R0( $WE@EE=G( #.*( +2*&'( #4&(7#/(#//+1-#%&*(7-%"(#(2+7&'(8+9(5+'(7+''3(CVW=@F0($DE@EEFG0(1+4.->?&(56.1>+.-.4(CVWF@=0(
$WE@EEFG(#.*($&'1&-?&*($"3/-1#2(#$$&#'#.1&(CVWF@Q0($DE@EEFG@(!"-2*(4&.*&'(7#/(#2/+(#//+1-#%&*(7-%"(8+9L(#(2+7&'(8+9(7#/('&$+'%&*(5+'(4-'2/@(K,+.4(%"&(%'&#%,&.%(1"#'#1‐%&'-/>1/0(,+'&(%+O-1-%30(5&7&'(*#3/(/-.1&(*-#4.+/-/(#.*(,+'&(*#3/(/$&.%(-.(%"&("+/$-%#2(7&'&('&2#%&*(%+(#(2+7&'(8+9@(K(A&B&'(8+9(7#/('&$+'%&*(5+'(XY($#>&.%/0(,#-.23(+.(%"&($#-.(/6A/1#2&(CVWFR@P0($WE@EERG@(U+'($#'&.%#2(1"#'#1%&'-/>1/0('&/$+.*&.%(4&.*&'(7#/(,+/%(+Z&.(#//+1-#%&*(7-%"(8+9L(,+%"&'/(%&.*&*(%+('#%&(#(A&B&'(8+9(%"#.(5#%"&'/@
T"&(,62>$2&( '&4'&//-+.(,+*&2( *&,+./%'#%&*( %"#%( %"&( ?#'-#.1&( -.(8+9( CY( /[6#'&G(+.(%"&($#-.(/6A/1#2&(7#/(*&%&',-.&*(5+'(FR<(A3(/%'#>\1#>+.(%+(%"&(XY(4'+6$0(1"-2*(#4&( #.*( *#3/( /-.1&( *-#4.+/-/( CT#A2&( )@MG@( ]#6/&#(7#/( -.*&$&.*&.%23( *&%&',-.&*( A3(#*,-//-+.(*#3/(#.*('&/$+.*&.%(4&.*&'(CY(/[6#'&(=:<G@(^'+1&*6'#2(#.O-&%3(/1+'&/(7&'&(*&%&',-.&*(A3(1"-2*(#4&(#.*(%'&#%,&.%(%+O-1-%3(CY(/[6#'&()F<G@(_+''3(7#/(-.`6&.1&*(A3( 1"-2*( #4&0( 4&.*&'(+5( %"&( '&/$+.*-.4($#'&.%( #.*( /-.42&($#'&.%( /-%6#>+.( CY( /[6#'&(==<G@(!+4.->?&( 56.1>+.-.4(#.*($"3/-1#2(#$$&#'#.1&(7&'&(A+%"(*&%&',-.&*(A3(1"-2*(
Table 3.4 ^&*-#%'-1(86#2-%3(+5(9-5&(S.?&.%+'3(!#.1&'(?&'/-+.L(K99(/1+'&/(1+,$#'&*(%+(1#.1&'(.+',(/1+'&/
K99a&#.(CbcG
]+',1 a&#.(CbcG
dH&1%(b-I&2 $J?#26&)QM<(!S(+5(%"&(*-H&'&.1&
T+%#2( RR@=(CF)@:G ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
^#-.( :R@R(C=:@=G ;E@)(C=R@)G E@Q DE@EEF 19.5‐27.9
]#6/&# RQ@;(CFQ@=G ;E@R(C=:@RG E@E: E@MP J=@:J:@)
^'+1&*6'#2(#.O-&%3 :P@F(C)=@FG M:@M(C)F@;G E@= E@E= E@PJF=@E
T'&#%,&.%(#.O-&%3 ;F@M(C=:@PG R;@:(C=Q@;G JE@F E@ER JP@:JE@=
Worry PF@R(C==@=G ;E@;(C)F@;G JE@) DE@EEF JF:@P(J(J;@E
!+4.->?& ;=@)(CFP@=G ;M@E(C==@:G E@F E@EQ JE@MJM@Q
^"3/-1#2(#$$&#'#.1& ;R@;(C==@:G ;M@;(C=R@EG JE@E: E@R= ‐4.9‐2.9
!+,,6.-1#>+. RM@=(C=Q@=G ;P@E(C==@)G E@: DE@EEF 7.7‐17.8
X-4"&'(/1+'&/(-.*-1#%&(A&B&'(8+9@(1('&5&'&.1&(/#,$2&(1+./-/>.4(+5(F;;(+.1+2+43($#>&.%/(*6'-.4(%'&#%,&.%0(,&#.(#4&(P@=(3&#'/(eQQf@(2(dH&1%(/-I&(W(e,&#.C#G(g(,&#.CAGN2#'4&/%(/%#.*#'*(*&?-#>+.(/1+'&CbcGf@(b,#22(&H&1%L(E@=JE@M0(,+*&'#%&(&H&1%(E@MJE@P0(2#'4&(&H&1%(hE@P@()(i.&(/#,$2&(%J%&/%0(QM<(1+.\*&.1&(-.%&'?#2(+5(%"&(*-H&'&.1&@
![Page 14: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
59!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
Table 3.4a 3.%4#-%#&+(,+
&+-2
%.#.&5(*)
-(&6+(7+,%#&-%0(!"#$%&'()*(8%*+(9.4+.&)-'(:#.0+-(4+-5%).
(50)-+5
:6%$,(06#-#0&+-%5105
7(4#$"+(;<=5>+>?
@-+#&2
+.&(06#-#0&+-%5105
7(4#$"+(;<=5>+>?
7#-+.&(06#-#0&+-%5105
7(4#$"+(;<=5>+>?
A/+(%.('+#-5
B+2#$+
C#'5(5%.0+(,%#/.)5%5
D%/6(-%5E(/-)"F
A,2%55%).(,#'5
@-+#&2+.&(&)G%0%&'
A/+(%.('+#-5
B+2#$+
3.%4+-5%&'($+4+$
H%./$+(F#-+.&
7#%.
I>IJ
;KL>IM
=I>NI?
I>NL
;KM>O=J>P?
I>II
P(;I>MO=I>IQ
?I>II
R;LR>OI
=N>QQ?
I>MQ
;KI>LN
=I>LJ?
I>IQ
;KI>NL
=I>PI?
I>LR
;KI>JO
=I>PJ?
I>OO
;I>QP=R>LS
?I>RN
;M>QN=R>JO
?I>MP
;KS>OP
=R>JO?
T#"5+#
I>RQ
;KI>LR
=I>JI?
I>OQ
;KI>JN
=P>PQ?
I>JQ
(;KI>IN
=I>IO?
I>MP
;N>OR=J>OS
?UI>IIL
;KI>PO
=I>LI?
I>MJ
;KI>MS
=I>MJ?
I>SJ
;KI>IQ
=I>MS?
I>IJ
;Q>QJ=J>OM
?I>RR
;KM>PI
=N>LN?
I>QM
;I>NL=N>LR
?
7-)0+,
"-#$(A.G%+&'
UI>IIL
;P>QQ=I>NO
?I>IL
;KLJ
>IN=N>NP
?I>MI
(;I>LR=I>LP
?I>PM
;O>LJ=O>LR
?I>LS
;KI>MR
=I>LQ?
I>II
N;KL>LI
=I>PQ?
I>II
M;L>PQ=I>JJ
?I>NM
;N>MQ=O>LO
?I>NS
;KJ>QP
=O>RI?
I>JN
;R>NP=O>NR
?
@-+#&2
+.&(A
.G%+&'
I>II
M;L>NR=I>NI
?I>LM
;KR>OO
=J>PJ?
I>LM
(;I>LN=I>LI
?I>MO
;R>SO=R>PI
?I>JS
;KI>LL
=I>LJ?
I>LN
;KI>JN
=I>PL?
I>IL
;I>OQ=I>PJ
?I>MQ
;R>RR=R>PI
?I>QO
;KI>LJ
=R>RR?
I>RP
;P>MJ=R>RR
?
Worry
UI>IIL
;KM>LP
=I>JP?
I>QL
;KI>JP
=P>QJ?
I>SI
(;KI>IP
=I>IQ?
I>SM
;M>IN=N>RR
?I>ON
;I>IJ=I>MP
?I>JL
;I>MP=I>MO
?I>IP
;KI>RQ
=I>PL?
I>IM
;LP>MJ
=N>RO?
I>PN
;N>NO=N>QP
?I>IL
;KLN
>LO=N>OM
?
:)/.%14+
I>II
L;KL>MJ
=I>PS?
I>QQ
;KI>IR
=P>ML?
I>LN
(;I>LI=I>IS
?I>JQ
;P>MP=J>RM
?I>SM
;KI>IS
=I>LQ?
I>QO
;I>IL=I>MP
?I>SP
;KI>IQ
=I>MR?
I>II
S;LM>MJ
=J>NI?
I>JN
;P>RR=J>OR
?I>IR
;KO>QN
=J>SO?
76'5%0#$(AFF
+#-#.0+
UI>IIL
;KL>QM
=I>JJ?
I>JR
;KM>QP
=P>QR?
I>SQ
(;KI>IM
=I>IQ?
I>OO
;I>OO=N>SL
?I>JM
;KI>LQ
=I>MP?
I>OP
;KI>IR
=I>MO?
I>II
J;KI>QL
=I>PL?
I>IP
;LM>LO
=N>RL?
I>QI
;KI>SP
=R>IL?
I>JJ
;KJ>RQ
=N>QQ?
:)22".
%0#1
).I>LS
;I>OR=I>RL
?I>LL
;KO>LQ
=N>LM?
I>MP
(;I>LJ=I>LM
?I>IQ
;LM>JL
=S>PR?
I>II
Q;KI>SS
=I>MQ?
I>JQ
;KI>MR
=I>PR?
I>ML
;I>NM=I>JL
?I>PN
;R>QR=S>JM
?I>JO
;KN>NL
=S>OL?
I>QQ
;KI>IS
=S>OR?
@)&#$
I>OP
;I>IR=I>MO
?I>IJ
;KJ>OM
=M>PM?
I>IJ
(;I>LL=I>IN
?I>IJ
;S>IN=P>PR
?UI>IIL
;KI>MR
=I>IS?
I>IJ
;KI>PJ
=I>LR?
I>RM
;I>IQ=I>LQ
?I>IL
;O>PP=P>PJ
?I>QQ
;I>IS=P>NQ
?I>JI
;KP>IN
=P>RI(?
5>+>(V(5&#.,
#-,(+--)->(7)
5%14+(<(0)+W
0%+.
&5(%.,%0#&+(&6
#&(&6
+(;%.
0-+#5%./(4#$"+
()*(&6+
?(,+&+-2%.#.&5(#-+(#55)0%#&+,(X%&6
(#(Y+Z
+-(!)8[(.+/#1
4+(<(0)+
W0%+.
&5(%.,%0#&+(&6
#&(&6
+(;%.
0-+#5%./(4#$"+
()*(&6+
?(,+
&+-2
%.#.&5(#-+(#55)0%#&+,(X%&6
(#(F))
-+-(!)8>
![Page 15: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
!"#$%&'()60
#*&(#+,(*&+,&'(-.(%"&('&/$-+,0+*($#'&+%(12(/34#'&(567(#+,(5879('&/$&:;<&=>?@(A"&(-<&'#==(B-C(/:-'&(D#/(#//-:0#%&,(D0%"(#,E0//0-+(,#>/9(,#>/(/0+:&(,0#*+-/0/9($#'&+%(#+,(:"0=,(*&+,&'@(A"0/(E-,&=(#::-4+%&,(.-'()F7(-.(%"&(<#'0#+:&(0+(/:-'&@
Discussion
A"0/(/%4,>( 0+<&/;*#%&,(B-C( 0+(:"0=,'&+(,4'0+*(GCC( 0+,4:;-+H:-+/-=0,#;-+(%'&#%E&+%(#+,(,&%&'E0+&,(.#:%-'/(#//-:0#%&,(D0%"(B-C@(B-C(#/(E&#/4'&,(D0%"(%"&(!IB(D#/(/%#;/‐;:#==>(0E$#0'&,(:-E$#'&,(%-(%"&("&#=%">(+-'E@(A"&(&J&:%(/0K&/(D&'&(=#'*&(#+,(:=0+0:#==>('&=&<#+%9(#/(,&E-+/%'#%&,(L>(%"&(=#'*&($&':&+%#*&/(-.(:"0=,'&+(D0%"(/:-'&/(4+,&'(MNOP(-.("&#=%">(+-'E/( Q555R@(S&+&'#==>9($">/0:#==>(-'0&+%&,(B-C(D#/(E-'&(-T&+( 0E$#0'&,(%"#+($/>:"-/-:0#==>(-'0&+%&,(B-C@(O0E0=#'('&/4=%/("#<&(L&&+('&$-'%&,(L>(O4+*(&%(#=@Q5U)R(
B-C(E&#/4'&,(D0%"(%"&(,0/&#/&(/$&:0V:(W&,/BC(#=/-(/"-D&,(0E$#0'&,(B-C(:-E$#'&,(%-(#("&%&'-*&+&-4/(/#E$=&(-.(-+:-=-*>($#;&+%/(-+(:&'%#0+(/4L/:#=&/9(#=%"-4*"(E-/%(&J&:%(/0K&/(D&'&(/E#==@(W#0+(D#/(%"&(E-/%(0E$#0'&,(/4L/:#=&9(.-==-D&,(L>(:-EE4+0:#‐;-+(#+,($'-:&,4'#=(#+X0&%>@(A"&(/%4,0&,(:-"-'%9("-D&<&'9( /:-'&,(/0*+0V:#+%=>(L&Y&'(
Table 3.5 Z4=;$=&(=0+&#'('&*'&//0-+(#+#=>/0/(-.(%"&(,&%&'E0+#+%/(#//-:0#%&,(D0%"(%"&(W&,0#%'0:(B4#=0%>(-.(C0.&([+<&+%-'>(!#+:&'(<&'/0-+(/:-'&/
O:#=& P&%&'E0+#+% WM\#=4& ](^(/@&@ 2(/34#'&
W#0+ P#>/(/0+:&(,0#*+-/0/ U@UUF U@N_^U@U` U@5F
I2(*'-4$ U@UUN 5a@)a^_@8a
!"0=,(#*& U@UN M5@5)^U@6a
b#4/&# G,E0//0-+(,#>/ cU@UU5 MU@6U^U@5U U@N6
W#'&+%(.&E#=& U@UN 5_@65^F@66
W'-:&,4'#=(G+X0&%> !"0=,(#*& cU@UU5 )@a6^U@_8 U@)5
A'&#%E&+%(%-X0:0%>( U@U5 MU@aF^U@))
Worry !"0=,(#*& cU@UU5 M5@a8^U@6) U@NN
W#'&+%(.&E#=& U@U5 5)@_8^_@N5
O0+*=&($#'&+% U@U6 M55@)8^_@6F
!-*+0;<& !"0=,(#*& U@UU5 M5@N)^U@)F U@56
W#'&+%(.&E#=& U@UU_ 5N@N5^6@)N
W">/0:#=(#$$&#'#+:& !"0=,(#*& cU@UU5 M5@`N^U@66 U@58
W#'&+%(.&E#=& U@UN 5N@5)^_@N6
A-%#= G,E0//0-+(,#>/ cU@UU5 MU@N6^U@UF U@)F
P#>/(/0+:&(,0#*+-/0/ U@UU6 U@5a^U@UF
W#'&+%(.&E#=& U@UN `@aa^6@58
!"0=,(.&E#=& U@U) MF@6U^N@a_
/@&@(d(/%#+,#',(&''-'@(W-/0;<&(](:-&e:0&+%/(0+,0:#%&(%"#%(%"&(10+:'&#/0+*(<#=4&(-.(%"&?(,&%&'E0+#+%/(#'&(#//-:0#%&,(D0%"(#(L&Y&'(B-C9(+&*#;<&(](:-&e:0&+%/(0+,0:#%&(%"#%(%"&(10+:'&#/0+*(<#=4&(-.(%"&?(,&%&'E0+#+%/(#'&(#//-:0#%&,(D0%"(#($--'&'(B-C@
![Page 16: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
61!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
&3#.(&3+(-+*+-+.0+(4)4"$#1).().(&3+(5)--'(6"760#$+8(93+(2#%.(,%:+-+.0+6(7+&5++.(&3+(-+*+-+.0+(4)4"$#1).(#.,(&3+(6&",%+,(0)3)-&(#-+(#/+(;&3+(-+*+-+.0+(4)4"$#1).(%6(#($%<$+()$,+-=(#.,(&3+(>#-%+&'()*(,%#/.)6%6(%.(&3+(-+*+-+.0+(/-)"48(?)"./+-(#/+(5#6(#66)0%‐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
K+(3#>+(#$6)(#<+24&+,(&)(%,+.1*'(,+&+-2%.#.&6()*(!)@8(I)2+(6&",%+6(3#>+(%,+.1‐N+,(6%./$+(,+&+-2%.#.&6()*(!)@(,"-%./(M@@(&-+#&2+.&(6"03(#6(#/+(CDEB(FGHB(/+.,+-(CDEH(#.,(&-+#&2+.&(-+$#&+,(>#-%#7$+6(COOB(FGB(FEHB(7"&(&)()"-(J.)5$+,/+().$'(I"./(+&(#$8CPGQH(3#>+(#<+24&+,(&)(%.0$",+(6+>+-#$(,+&+-2%.#.&6(%.().+(2),+$(7+*)-+B(7"&(.)&(,"-%./(%.,"01).R0).6)$%,#1).( &3+-#4'( ).$'8( Iي#$$'( 6%/.%N0#.&( 2),+$6( 0)"$,( 7+( 0).‐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‐6%&'(+,"0#1).(&3#.(2)&3+-6(;4]G8G_=8(93%6(0)"$,(0).&-%7"&+(&)(&3+(-+4)-&+,(,%:+-+.0+68(M$&3)"/3(&3+($+>+$()*(#/-++2+.&(7+&5++.(6+$*(#.,(4-)A'(-+4)-&6(3#6(7++.(+A&+.6%>+$'(%.>+61/#&+,(CQWB(QOHB($%&+-#&"-+().(&3+(#/-++2+.&(7+&5++.(2)&3+-(#.,(*#&3+-(4-)A%+6(%6(64#-6+8(["$$%/#.(+&(#$8CPPEH(-+4)-&+,(&3#&(&3+-+(%6(#(*-+`"+.&(.).^6'6&+2#10(,%:+-‐+.0+(%.(2)&3+-(#.,(*#&3+-(-#1./6()*(!)@(%.(03%$,-+.(5%&3(a">+.%$+(%,%)4#&3%0(#-&3-%168(9)( )"-( J.)5$+,/+B( .)( 6"03( -+6+#-03( 3#6( '+&( 7++.( 4+-*)-2+,( %.( 4+,%#&-%0( ).0)$)/'8(T).N-2#1).()*( &3+6+(,%:+-+.0+6(7+&5++.(4#-+.&6( %.( *"&"-+( -+6+#-03( 0)"$,(4-)>%,+("6(5%&3(.+5(&))$6(%.(&3+(0)".6+$%./()*(*#2%$%+6(0#-%./(*)-(#(03%$,(5%&3(0#.0+-8(T3%$,(#/+(5#6(#(6%/.%N0#.&(,+&+-2%.#.&()*(!)@().(+%/3&(60#$+6b()$,+-(#/+(5#6(#66)0%#&+,(5%&3(#(5)-6+(!)@().(6%A(60#$+6B(')"./+-(#/+().(&5)8(T3%$,(/+.,+-(5#6(#(,+&+-2%.#.&()*(!)@().(6%A(60#$+6B(5%&3(/%-$6(3#>%./(#(4))-+-(!)@(&3#.(7)'68(\.0-+#6+,(12+(6%.0+(,%#/.)6%6(5#6(#66)0%#&+,(5%&3(%24-)>+2+.&(%.(!)@().(6+>+.(60#$+68(93+6+(#66)0%#1).6(/+.+-#$$'(#-+(#(0).N-2#1).()*(4-+>%)"6( -+6+#-03( CODB(DEB(D_B(FGB(PGEB(PGQB(PPQB(PPSH8(c)-( &3+(-+2#%.%./(,+&+-2%.#.&6B(6%./$+(4#-+.&6(#.,(2)-+(#,2%66%).(,#'6(5+-+(+#03(#66)0%#&+,(5%&3(&5)(60#$+6B(#.,(.).^Ud(M@@(#.,(3%/3+-(4#-+.&#$(+,"0#1).(+#03(5%&3().+(60#$+8(93+(*)-2+-(&5)(,+&+-2%.#.&6(%.e"+.0+,(!)@(.+/#1>+$'B(#6(2#'(7+(+A4+0&+,8(93+($#<+-(
![Page 17: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
!"#$%&'()62
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
M"&(0%'&/8%"0(+A(%".0(0%5,E(./265,&(%"&(6#'8&("+-+8&/&+50(2+"+'%7(#66(%'&#%&,(#22+',‐./8(%+(%"&(0#-&($'+%+2+6(#/,(#00&00&,(,5'./8(%"&(0#-&($"#0&(+A(%"&'#$E9(M"&('&0$+/0&('#%&(*#0(8++,7(#6%"+58"(#('&6#<;&6E(6#'8&(/5-1&'(+A(A#-.6.&0(*#0(/+%('&2'5.%&,(%+(%"&(0%5,E(+'(*.%",'&*(A'+-($#'<2.$#<+/9(C+*&;&'7(%"&'&(*&'&(/+(0.8/.B2#/%(,.N&'&/2&0(./( #8&7( 8&/,&'( +'( CDO:44( 1&%*&&/( %"&( 0%5,E( 8'+5$( #/,( %"&( /+/O$#'<2.$#/%09( :60+7(%"&(0%5,E(8'+5$(*#0('&$'&0&/%#<;&(+A(%"&(/#<+/#6(:44IJ(2+"+'%(P5/$516.0"&,(,#%#Q9(:/+%"&'(6.-.%#<+/(*#0(%"&('&0%'.2<+/(%+($#'&/%O$'+>E('&$+'%0(+/6E9(R%(.0(*&66(=/+*/(%"#%(2".6,'&/(#/,($#'&/%0(,+(/+%(#6*#E0(#8'&&(+/(3+4( H)SL(#/,( %"#%( 0&;&'#6($&'0$&2<;&0(2#/($'+;.,&(;#65#16&(./A+'-#<+/9(T/A+'%5/#%&6E7(2".6,'&/(*.%"(2#/2&'(#'&(+U&/(&.%"&'(%++(E+5/8(+'(%++(.66(%+($#'<2.$#%&(./(3+4(#00&00-&/%07(#/,(%".0(#$$6.&0(%+(+5'(2+"+'%(#0(*&669(V5'%"&'-+'&7(%"&(!C3(*#0(,&0.8/&,(A+'(2".6,'&/(B;&(E&#'0(#/,(5$9(:6%"+58"(%"&(R/A#/%(#/,(M+,,6&'(35#6.%E(+A(4.A&(35&0<+//#.'&(*+56,("#;&(1&&/(-+'&(#$$'+$'.#%&(A+'(%"&(E+5/8&'(2".6,'&/(./(+5'(0%5,E(0#-$6&(HWWL7(#%(%"&(<-&(+A(%"&(,&0.8/(+A(%".0(0%5,E7(/+(;#6.,#%&,(X5%2"(;&'0.+/(#/,(/+'-0(*&'&(#;#.6#16&9(V./#66E7(2+-$6&%&(./A+'-#<+/(+/($+%&/<#6(,&%&'-./#/%0(+A(3+4(*#0(/+%(#;#.6#16&9(C+50&"+6,(./2+-&(#/,("%"(0%#%&(+A(0.16./80("#;&(1&&/(A+5/,(%+(1&(.-$+'%#/%(,&%&'-./#/%0(+A(3+4(./(%"&($'&;.+50('&0&#'2"($&'A+'-&,(1E(Y5/8(&%(#69HIJK7(IJ)L(:60+7(0+-&(0%5,.&0("#;&(A+5/,(#('&6#<+/(1&%*&&/($#'&/%#6($0E2"+0+2.#6("%"(#/,(2".6,(3+4(HIIZ7(II[L9(M"&0&(,&%&'-./#/%0(0"+56,(1&(./265,&,(./(A5%5'&(0%5,.&09
R/(2+/2650.+/7(3+4(+A(:44($#<&/%0(,5'./8(./,52<+/(%'&#%-&/%(.0(8'&#%6E(,.-./.0"&,(#/,( $"E0.2#6( 3+4( #/,( $#./( #'&(-+0%( #N&2%&,9( R-$#.'&,(3+4(*#0(-+0%( +U&/( #00+2.‐#%&,(*.%"(+6,&'(2".6,'&/(#/,(8.'609(:60+7(A#%"&'O'&0$+/,&/%0(0&&-(%+("#;&(#(6+*&'(3+4($&'2&$<+/(2+-$#'&,(%+(-+%"&'O'&0$+/,&/%0(#6%"+58"(%".0(/&&,0(%+(1&(2+/B'-&,(./(A5%5'&('&0&#'2"9(V+66+*O5$(+A(%".0(2+"+'%(*.66($'+;.,&(-+'&(./A+'-#<+/(+/(%"&(2"#/8&(./(3+4(,5'./8(%'&#%-&/%(#/,(.%0(,&%&'-./#/%07(#/,("&6$(%+(.,&/<AE(-+'&($+00.1.6.<&0(A+'(2+5/0&6./89(\&#/*".6&7(%".0(0%5,E(".8"6.8"%0(0&;&'#6(0510&%0(+A($&,.#%'.2(:44($#<&/%0(A+'(*"+-(0$&2.B2(2+5/0&6./8(,5'./8(./,52<+/(%"&'#$E(.0(*#''#/%&,9
![Page 18: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chap
ter 3
63!"#$%&'()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.&
!"#$%&'()*(+($,-
3+(4)"$,($%5+(&)(&6#.5(&6+(789:(,##.#/+-;<(+;=+0%#$$'(>+;&+-(,+(:-))&(#.,(8#-%.(8)-?%@.<(*)-(=-)A%,%./(%.*)-2#1).().(&6+(BCC(=#1+.&;(#.,(&6+(*)$$)4D"=()*(&6+;+(06%$‐,-+.E(3+(#$;)(&6#.5(&6+($)0#$(=6';%0%#.;(#.,(;&",'(2#.#/+-;(%.(#$$(=#-10%=#1./(0+.&+-;(*)-(%.0$",%./(=#-10%=#.&;(#.,(5++=%./(";("=,#&+,().(&6+(0$%.%0#$(0).,%1).()*(&6+(=#-10%‐=#.&;E(F%.#$$'<(4+(&6#.5(G;&6+-(H+%@+-DA#.(,+.(I+-/6(*)-(6+$=%./(4%&6(&6+(%.%1#$(,+;%/.(#.,(0).1."#1).()*(&6%;(=-)@+0&E
![Page 19: Chapter 3 - research.vu.nl 3.pdf · Chapter 3!"#$%&’()*($%*+(,"-%./(%.,"01).(&-+#&2+.& 49 30"&+(4’256)7$#810(4+"9+2%#(:344;(%8(&6+(2)8&(0)22).(&’5+()*(06%$,6)),(0#.0+-+-(&6+(5#8&(,+0#,+8(8](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052012/602955d9ee5e4d5c9123c8a1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)