Chapter 3

Geography and History

The Foundation of Cultural Understanding

World Population by Major Areas and Life Expectancy

World 5,901 7,286 9,367 65

More-developed regions 1,812 1,214 1,162 75

Less-developed regions 4,719 6,072 8,205 63

Least-developed regions 615 945 1,632 51

Africa 749 1,181 2,046 51

Asia 3,585 4,381 5,443 66

Europe 728 717 638 73

Latin America 503 625 810 69

Northern America 304 345 384 77

Oceania 29 40 46 74

1998 2025 2050 LifeRegions (millions) (millions) (millions) Expectancy

at Birth 1990-1998

SOURCE: World Population-1998. “United Nations Population Division. Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, 2000.Irwin/McGraw-

Hill

3-9

Rural and Urban Population. 1996-2030 (Population in thousands)

Urban Rural Percent Urban Regions 1996 2030 1996 2030 1996 2030

World 2,636 5,117 3,132 3,255 45.7 61.1

More-developed regions 883 1,016 292 1,974 75.1 83.7

Less-developed regions 1,753 4,102 2,840 3,057 38.2 57.3

Least-developed regions 138 558 456 710 23.3 44.0

Africa 262 863 476 725 35.5 54.3

Asia 1,229 2,736 2,259 2,221 35.2 55.2

Europe 538 572 191 118 73.8 82.9

Latin America 357 599 127 121 73.8 83.2

Northern America 229 316 71 58 76.4 84.4

Oceania 20 31 9 11 70.1 74.5

Irwin/McGraw-Hill

SOURCE: World Population-1998. “United Nations Population Division. Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, 2000.

3-10

The Triad: Trade Between the United States and Canada, the European Community, and Japan. ($ billions)

EUROPEANCOMMUNITY

UNITED STATES & CANADA

JAPAN

For additional figures see: “Indicators of Market Size for 115 Countries I” Crossborder Monitor, August, 1997, pp.4-8

195.4 66.3

151.6 89.0

91.5

141.7

Irwin/McGraw-Hill

3-11

The Latin American Debt Crisis- In the late 1980’s, Latin American debt was over

$400 billion.

Impacts:1) Export earnings go to pay debt

2) Harmful to many U.S. exporters

3) Hyperinflation

Cause: Largely a result of development planning policies actually characterized by nepotism and government corruption.

Other Issues:

World Bank and U.S. pressured to forgive debt or at least refinance.

- Threats of “debt repudiation.”