Chapter 3Chapter 3Section 2:

Egypt’s PharaohsSection 2:

Egypt’s Pharaohs

DynastyDynasty•Series of rulers from a single family•31 dynasties over 2800 years

•Series of rulers from a single family•31 dynasties over 2800 years

Old KingdomOld Kingdom•3rd Dynasty•2600 – 2180 B.C.

•3rd Dynasty•2600 – 2180 B.C.

PharaohsPharaohs•Kings of Egypt•Worshipped as gods•Responsible for entire kingdom

•Kings of Egypt•Worshipped as gods•Responsible for entire kingdom

Life After Death

Life After Death•Continued to rule

after death•Ka (eternal spirit)•Tombs w/ necessities and luxuries•Mummified bodies

•Continued to rule after death•Ka (eternal spirit)•Tombs w/ necessities and luxuries•Mummified bodies

PyramidsPyramids•Age of the Pyramids – Old Kingdom•Giza – Great Pyramid

•Age of the Pyramids – Old Kingdom•Giza – Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid•Blocks: 2 ½ - 15

tons•2 million blocks•481 ft. high•Covered 13 acres

•Blocks: 2 ½ - 15 tons•2 million blocks•481 ft. high•Covered 13 acres

80 pyramids stand today

in Egypt!

80 pyramids stand today

in Egypt!

End of the Old Kingdom

End of the Old Kingdom

•pharaoh’s power declined (possible change in climate?)•Nobles and officials gained power•Result was civil war

•pharaoh’s power declined (possible change in climate?)•Nobles and officials gained power•Result was civil war

“First Illness”“First Illness”•2180 – 2080 B.C.•Poor harvest•Lawlessness•Warfare

•2180 – 2080 B.C.•Poor harvest•Lawlessness•Warfare

The Middle Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom•2080 – 1640 B.C.

•Farming revived•Arts flourished•Trade grew•Capital - Thebes

•2080 – 1640 B.C.•Farming revived•Arts flourished•Trade grew•Capital - Thebes

Pharaohs focused on ….

Pharaohs focused on ….

•People•Building projects: canals & dikes•Afterlife was important to ALL (Burial for all)

•People•Building projects: canals & dikes•Afterlife was important to ALL (Burial for all)

“Second Illness”“Second Illness”•1640-1570 B.C.

•Civil war•Invasion by Hyksos (nomads who came with chariots)

•1640-1570 B.C.•Civil war•Invasion by Hyksos (nomads who came with chariots)

Contributions of the Hyksos

Contributions of the Hyksos

•Bronze •Horse-drawn chariots•Bow / arrow•Spinning & weaving

•Bronze •Horse-drawn chariots•Bow / arrow•Spinning & weaving

Defeat of Hyksos

Defeat of Hyksos•Queen Ahhotep

•Kamose – last king of 17th dynasty•Ahmose – united Egypt and drove out Hyksos

•Queen Ahhotep •Kamose – last king of 17th dynasty•Ahmose – united Egypt and drove out Hyksos

New Kingdo

m

New Kingdo

m

New KingdomNew Kingdom•1570 – 1075 B.C.•Wealthy & powerful•Turned into conquerors•Warlike Pharaohs – 18th Dynasty

•1570 – 1075 B.C.•Wealthy & powerful•Turned into conquerors•Warlike Pharaohs – 18th Dynasty

Weekend HomeworkWeekend

Homework•Put your name on articles•If more than one page – staple•If you did not do your weekend homework…. 10 points will be deducted from your assignment

•Put your name on articles•If more than one page – staple•If you did not do your weekend homework…. 10 points will be deducted from your assignment

HatshepsutHatshepsut•Encouraged trade•Death a mystery

•Encouraged trade•Death a mystery

??

Thutmose IIIThutmose III•Warrior pharaoh•1450 – 1425 B.C.•Pushed southward to 4th cataract•15 victories in Palestine and Syria

•Warrior pharaoh•1450 – 1425 B.C.•Pushed southward to 4th cataract•15 victories in Palestine and Syria

Egypt vs HitittesEgypt vs Hitittes•Hittites had come from Asia

Minor around 1900 B.C. – expanded into Palestine

•Several confrontations w/ Egypt

•Battle of Kadesh ( 1288 B.C.) – standstill

•Became allies

•Hittites had come from Asia Minor around 1900 B.C. – expanded into Palestine

•Several confrontations w/ Egypt

•Battle of Kadesh ( 1288 B.C.) – standstill

•Became allies

New Kingdom Builders

New Kingdom Builders

•Pyramids of Old Kingdom too visible•Valley of the Kings (Thebes)•Ramses II: 1279 – 1212 B.C. (67 years)

•Pyramids of Old Kingdom too visible•Valley of the Kings (Thebes)•Ramses II: 1279 – 1212 B.C. (67 years)

Karnak TempleKarnak Temple

Ramses IIRamses II•Built temple of Amon at Karmak•Temple at Abu Simbel

•Built temple of Amon at Karmak•Temple at Abu Simbel

Fall of EgyptFall of Egypt•Vast empire led to revolts•Tribes of Lybians invaded from west•1200 B.C. – attacked by “peoples of the sea”

•Vast empire led to revolts•Tribes of Lybians invaded from west•1200 B.C. – attacked by “peoples of the sea”

Other Invasions

Other Invasions•751 B.C.: Kush

conquered Egypt•671 B.C. - Assyrians pushed out Kush & controlled Egypt•539 B.C. - Persians

•751 B.C.: Kush conquered Egypt•671 B.C. - Assyrians pushed out Kush & controlled Egypt•539 B.C. - Persians