chapter 3 section 3
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Chapter 3 Section 3. World Climate Patterns. Objectives:. Identify different climate zones Explain Latitudes Effect of Climate. Climate Regions. Geographers often divide the earth into climate regions- tropical, dry, mid-latitude, and highlands. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3Section 3
World Climate Patterns
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Objectives:
• Identify different climate zones
• Explain Latitudes Effect of Climate
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Climate Regions
• Geographers often divide the earth into climate regions- tropical, dry, mid-latitude, and highlands.
• Climates vary within these major regions, so they are divided into even smaller, more specific regions.
• Each of these regions has its own characteristic soils and natural vegetation.
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Tropical Climates
• Found in or near the low latitudes- the Tropics.
• The two most widespread types of tropical climates are tropical rain forest and tropical savanna.
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Tropical Rain Forests
• Temperatures average about 80⁰ F and it rains daily.• Yearly rainfall averages about 80 inches, resulting in
lush, canopied vegetation, although the continual rain tends to draw out nutrients from the soil.
• The world’s largest tropical rain forest is in the Amazon River basin, but similar climates and vegetation exist in other parts of South America, the Caribbean area, Asia, and Africa.
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Tropical Savanna
• Climates have dry winters and wet summers, accompanied by high temperatures year round.
• In the dry season, the ground is covered in coarse grass, and fewer amounts of vegetation exist in this area.
• Tropical Savannas are found in Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and Australia.
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Dry Climates
• Geographers have determined two types of dry climates based on vegetation in each; desert and steppe.
• Dry areas with sparse vegetation are called deserts. Rainfall seldom exceeds 10 inches/year and temperature vary widely from day to night.
• Desert climates occur in just under 1/3 of the total land area, with the Sahara desert alone, covering almost the entire northern 1/3 of Africa.
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• Natural vegetation of deserts are designed to tolerate low humidity and wide temperature ranges.
• In some desert areas underground springs produce an oasis, or an area of lush vegetation.
• Boarding deserts are dry, treeless grasslands called steppes.
• Rainfall averages 10-20 in/year.• Largest steppes found across eastern Europe and
western and central Asia.
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Deserts
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Steppe
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Mid-Latitude Climate
• The world’s mid-latitudes include four temperature regions.
• Along western coastlines between 30⁰ and 60⁰ North and South are regions with a marine west coast climate. These regions include the Pacific coast of the U.S., much of Europe, and parts of South America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Marine West Coast Climate
• Ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters and abundant rainfall, allowing for the growth of coniferous and deciduous trees.
• Typical of marine west coast climates are mixed forests with both kinds of trees.
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Marine West Coast Rainforest
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Mediterranean Climate
• Lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers.
• Vegetation includes chaparral.• Mediterranean climate is classified of every
location with similar climates and vegetation, such as Southern California and parts of Southern Australia.
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Lake Garda- Italy
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Gargano Peninsula- Italy (Mediterranean Climate)
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Humid Sub-Tropical
• Short, mild winters and nearly year round rain. • Found in the southeastern United States,
South America, and Asia.• Wind patterns and high pressure from nearby
oceans keep humidity levels high.• Vegetation consists of prairies and deciduous
forests.
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Mississippi- Humid Subtropics
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Objectives:
• Explain High Latitude climates
• Identify Highland Climates
• Evaluate Climatic Change
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Humid Continental
• Humid continental climates are not impacted by landforms.
• The further north one travels, the longer and more severe the winters and shorter and cooler the summers.
• Vegetation is similar to marine west coast areas, with evergreens outnumbering deciduous trees in the northernmost areas of the region.
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Wisconsin Forest- Humid Continental
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High Latitude Climates
• Freezing temperatures are common throughout much of the year due to lack of direct sunlight.
• This results in little vegetation.• Just south of the Arctic Circle is the subarctic
climate regions. Winters are bitterly cold, and summers are short and cool.
• Temperatures vary from winter to summer as much as 120⁰F.
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• In the subarctic, only a thin layer of surface soil thaws each year. Below that is permafrost.
• Closer to the polar regions are tundra regions, which have 6 months of darkness and light.
• Trees cannot establish roots in the even thinner thawed soil.
• Snow and ice, often more than 2 miles thick, cover the ground in the ice cap regions.
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Subarctic- Anchorage, Alaska
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Tundra- Alaska
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Tundra- Greenland
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Patagonian Ice Caps- Chile
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Highlands Climates
• Elevation can determine a climate region, regardless of latitude.
• High mountain regions, even near the equator, contain climates similar to high latitudes because of the thinning air temperature.
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Climatic Change
• During the last 1 to 2 million years, the earth has passed through four ice ages.
• One hypothesis is that the earth absorbed less solar energy because of variations in the suns output of energy or rotation.
• Another hypothesis is that dust from volcanic activity reflected sunlight back into space.
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• Human interactions with the environment often affect climate, such as burning fossil fuels which result in acid rain and smog.
• Fewer forests, dams, and river diversions also affect the climate.– Dams and river diversions, intended to supply
water to dry areas may cause new areas to flood or dry out.
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Closure:
• What did you learn today?
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Homework
• Page 691,3,4,5, and 6