chapter 3 sections 4 and 5

8/7/2019 chapter 3 sections 4 and 5

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Chapter 3: The American Revolution

Sections 4 and 5Bell Work: p. 113 Read Differing Viewpointsand answer the questions under Learning fromHistory


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Republic or Democracy

Both allow a certainnumber of people tovote

Republic (Latin for apublic affair) = thepeople meet to electofficials who makepolicy decisionsDemocracy (fromGreek for rule of the

people) = the peoplemeet to make olic


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Defining American Identity

WomenDuring the war some worked the family farmOthers traveled with the army as cooks, nurses,and spiesSome even joined in the fighting

Some advances after the war in education anddivorce

African slaves (p. 103)About 5,000 served with the Patriots

Northern and middle states slowly end slaverySouthern states had a strong economic interest


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Articles of Confederation and

Perpetual UnionRatified March 2, 1781Confederation Congress

Could declare war, raise armies, and signtreatiesCould not regulate trade or impose taxes

Northwest Ordinance (p. 104)

Congress can only sell land to raise moneyWhen the population reached 60,000 the newterritories could apply for statehood

Guaranteed people in the territories freedom of religion, property rights, and right to trial by jury


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Weaknesses of the Confederation

Trade states began to tax imports fromabroad and each other

Diplomacy Congress could not enforce theTreaty of Paris where the states agreed torepay debts to England

Debt states begin issuing paper currency

helping farmers and infuriating merchantsShays's Rebellion

Daniel Shays, a bankrupt farmer, leads 1,200men to Springfield, MA armory

Governor sends 4,000 volunteer troops to end


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Constitutional Convention

55 Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787

The meetings were closed to the pubic tominimize political pressures

Virginia Plan 3 branches of government 2 houses of congress

Members of one house would be elected by thepeople, and that house would elect the other house

Membership in both based on number of voters ina state

New Jerse Plan


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Constitutional Compromise

Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)House of Representatives

Elected by the peopleMembership based on population

SenateElected by state legislaturesMembership equal for each state

Three-fifths Compromise slaves counted as3/5 of a person


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Constitutional Framework

Popular sovereignty rule by the people

Federalism power is divided between federaland state governments

Separation of powers 3 branches of government with different powers

Checks and balances branches had the abilityto limit the other twoVeto president can reject a law passed byCongress

Impeachment Congress can bring charges


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Debating the Constitution

Federalists supported the ConstitutionLarge landowners who wanted propertyprotection

Also merchants and artisans

Antifederalists against the ConstitutionJohn Hancock, Patrick Henry, Sam Adams

Western farmersWanted a bill of rights

Federalist Papers swings votes


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Ratification

Sam Adams of Massachusetts is convinced toratify once federalists agree to add a bill of rights

9 states ratify putting the Constitution intoeffect, but Virginia and New York (about 30%of the population) had not

Virginia, after heated debate, ratifies becauseof the bill of rights

New York ratifies because everyone else did

North Carolina (1789) and Rhode Island(1790) eventually ratify after the new

chapter 3 sections 4 and 5

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