Chapter 3

• The Growth of a Young Nation

Section 3.1The Early Republic

The Washington Presidency

• Tariffs are taxes on imported goods:1. raise money (provides a steady

flow of income for the government)2. encourage the growth of American

industry3. encouraged Americans to buy

American goods.

The Jefferson Presidency

• Judicial review-gives the Supreme Court final say in interpreting the Constitution.• The Supreme Courtinterprets if laws are

Constitutional.

The Effects of the War of 1812

• Increased American patriotism•Weakened Native American resistance•U.S. manufacturing grew

The Monroe Doctrine

•Monroe feared that European meddling in Latin America might threaten the United States.• He said that the Americas were

closed to further European efforts to reestablish colonies

Section 3.2Jackson and

Reform

Jackson’s Native American Policy

Most Southeast tribes signed the treaties and relocated to Indian Territory but many Cherokees refused to move. They were

rounded up and forcibly marched west in the winter of 1838-1839.

This became known as the Trail of Tears.

The Nullification Crisis

John C. Calhoun supported the doctrine of nullification. He claimed that states had a

right to nullify, or reject, laws they believed were

unconstitutional.

Reform Movements

In 1848, a women’s rights convention was held in

Seneca Falls, New York. The Seneca Falls Convention

called for equality and basic rights for women.

Section 3.3Manifest Destiny

Economic Growth

New modes of transportation,

steamboats, new roads, canals, and railroads, improved the nation’s

economy.

Trails West

Manifest Destiny is a phrase commonly used

to express American beliefs about westward expansion in the 1800’s.

The War with Mexico

In 1848, the war officially ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico

recognized Texas as part of the U.S. and set the border at the Rio Grande. Mexico also

gave up a vast region that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of New

Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. This transfer of territory is called the Mexican

Cession.