Chapter 4

Chapter 4Electrolytes

Water - The common solventWater is polar due to its polar bonds and bent shape. It is therefore a good solvent for polar and ionic solutes.

The lone pairs in water take up space and force water into its bent shape.

dissolving an ionic solid in waterWatch the animation at http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

Strong Electrolytes - conduct electricity well, completely dissociate or ionize in solution

1. soluble salts - learn the solubility rules p. 125 table 4.1

2. strong acids - HClO4 --> H+ + ClO4-HCl --> H+ + Cl-Watch the animation at: http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/acid13.swf

3. strong bases - all group 1 hydroxides + Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2

NaOH --> Na+ + OH-Ba(OH)2 --> Ba2+ + 2OH-

For a weak/strong base animation go to: http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e_esp/acm2s2_1.swf

Weak electrolytes - weakly conduct electricity, partially ionize/ dissociate in waterweak acids and basesHC2H3O2 H+ + C2H3O2-NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

Some acids can lose more that one H+H2SO4 --> H+ + HSO4-strongHSO4- H+ + SO42-weak

Nonelectrolytes - Do not dissociate or ionize in water and therefore do not conduct electricity.

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