Chapter 4Animal and Plant Adaptations

O’Neal 4th Grade Team

Chapter 4 VocabularyChapter 4 Vocabulary adaptation:adaptation: a structure or behavior that helps a living thing live a structure or behavior that helps a living thing live

in its surroundings.in its surroundings. adapted:adapted: made fit to live under certain conditions. made fit to live under certain conditions. protective colorationsprotective colorations: colors or patterns on an animal that help : colors or patterns on an animal that help

keep the animal from being seen by predators.keep the animal from being seen by predators. migrationmigration:: movement from one place to another when the movement from one place to another when the

seasons change.seasons change. hibernatehibernate:: to spend the winter in a state in which the body to spend the winter in a state in which the body

greatly slows down.greatly slows down. nitrogen:nitrogen: a material that plants need to grow. a material that plants need to grow. annual: a plant that lives only one year.annual: a plant that lives only one year. evergreen:evergreen: a plant that stays green all year, including firs, a plant that stays green all year, including firs,

spruces, and pines.spruces, and pines. perennialperennial:: a plant that can live two years or more. a plant that can live two years or more.

Chapter 4 Lesson 1 How do AdapChapter 4 Lesson 1 How do Adaptations help Animals and Plants Stations help Animals and Plants Survive p.88-91urvive p.88-91

What is an adaptation?What is an adaptation? An adaptation is a change in an animal’s An adaptation is a change in an animal’s

physical structure or behavior that helps physical structure or behavior that helps an animal to survive in their habitat. an animal to survive in their habitat. Examples: The shape of a bird’s beak, number Examples: The shape of a bird’s beak, number

of fingers and toes, or the color of an animal’s of fingers and toes, or the color of an animal’s fur. fur.

Physical adaptations do not develop Physical adaptations do not develop during one lifetime, but over many during one lifetime, but over many generations. generations.

Example of AdaptationExample of Adaptation

The shape of an The shape of an animal’s teeth is animal’s teeth is related to its diet. related to its diet. Herbivores, such as Herbivores, such as

deer, have many deer, have many molars for chewing molars for chewing tough grass and tough grass and plants.plants.

Carnivores, such as Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear canines to kill and tear meat. meat.

Who experiences Who experiences adaptations?adaptations?

All species have experienced adaptation All species have experienced adaptation and will continue to slowly adapt as the and will continue to slowly adapt as the next generations are born. next generations are born.

We will identify certain species from each We will identify certain species from each of these groups and the reasons for their of these groups and the reasons for their success:success: MammalsMammals BirdsBirds ReptilesReptiles AmphibiansAmphibians

MammalsMammals

EndothermicEndothermic or or

warm-bloodedwarm-blooded All have some type All have some type

of “hair”of “hair” Some are very Some are very

specialized, such as specialized, such as white polar bear furwhite polar bear fur

Method of Method of locomotionlocomotion

Care for youngCare for young

BirdsBirds

Leg Length Leg Length Roseate Spoonbill Roseate Spoonbill

(top right) (top right) Foot Webbing Foot Webbing

Laughing Gull Laughing Gull (top left)(top left)

Beak ShapeBeak Shape Long Billed Curlew Long Billed Curlew

(bottom)(bottom)

ReptilesReptiles

ExothermicExothermic or or cold- blooded cold- blooded

ScalesScales Some undergo Some undergo

hibernationhibernation Lay eggs on landLay eggs on land Leg structure and Leg structure and

positionposition

AmphibiansAmphibians

ExothermicExothermic Lay eggs in waterLay eggs in water Partially of fully Partially of fully

webbed feetwebbed feet Have lungs or can Have lungs or can

absorb oxygen absorb oxygen through their skinthrough their skin

Animal DefenseAnimal Defense Some animals use Some animals use

these methods of these methods of defense to protect defense to protect themselves:themselves: CamouflageCamouflage

• SnakeSnake MimicryMimicry

• Mexican Milk SnakeMexican Milk Snake Bright colorsBright colors

• Skunk and Poison Arrow Skunk and Poison Arrow FrogFrog

““Hair” projectionsHair” projections• Hedgehog quillsHedgehog quills• Deer AntlersDeer Antlers

Adaptation Applications: Adaptation Applications: LionsLions

Why are the eyes of a lion set in front Why are the eyes of a lion set in front of the head rather than on the sides?of the head rather than on the sides?

Answer: Eyes in front of the head Answer: Eyes in front of the head allow for depth perception and ability allow for depth perception and ability to judge distances when hunting. to judge distances when hunting.

Adaptation Applications: Adaptation Applications: LionsLions

What is the purpose of the mane on What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion?a male lion? What is the reason for What is the reason for the lion’s color?the lion’s color?

A thick mane helps the male to A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and serves as appear larger and serves as protection for the throat. The tawny protection for the throat. The tawny brown coat color camouflages the brown coat color camouflages the animal and young among vegetation. animal and young among vegetation.

Adaptation Applications: Adaptation Applications: GiraffeGiraffe

Why are giraffes able to go for long Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of time without water?periods of time without water?

Answer: Giraffes drink water when Answer: Giraffes drink water when available, but can go weeks without available, but can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew and the it. They rely on morning dew and the water content of their food. water content of their food.

Adaptation Applications: Adaptation Applications: GiraffeGiraffe

How are their long necks adapted to How are their long necks adapted to their lifestyle?their lifestyle?

Answer: This extra length is thought Answer: This extra length is thought to have evolved to help the giraffe to have evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and other giraffes in spot predators and other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly, giraffes the distance. Interestingly, giraffes and humans have the same number and humans have the same number of vertebrate in their necks. of vertebrate in their necks.

Adaptation Applications: Adaptation Applications: ZebrasZebras

How do zebras defend themselves?How do zebras defend themselves?

Capable of running up to 40 mph. Capable of running up to 40 mph. Zebras defend themselves by kicking Zebras defend themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also plays a and biting. Coloration also plays a role in evading predators, although role in evading predators, although theories have not reached an theories have not reached an agreement. agreement.

Adaptation GamesAdaptation Games

Animal Adaptations GameAnimal Adaptations Game Harcourt animal adaptation gameHarcourt animal adaptation game

Chapter 4 Lesson 2 How Are AniChapter 4 Lesson 2 How Are Animals Adapted to Their Environmemals Adapted to Their Environment? p.92-97nt? p.92-97

What is What is hibernation?hibernation?

This is a very special This is a very special kind of deep sleepkind of deep sleep

It is brought on by It is brought on by short day lengths, short day lengths, cold temperatures cold temperatures and food shortagesand food shortages

It is a survival It is a survival strategystrategy

Dropping into a deep Dropping into a deep hibernation means hibernation means animals are using animals are using less energyless energy

Food is scarceFood is scarce Animals miss the cold Animals miss the cold

seasonsseasons

Why do animals hibernate?

How do animals prepare for How do animals prepare for hibernation?hibernation?

They try to put on as much fat as possible They try to put on as much fat as possible because they wont be eating much during because they wont be eating much during the winterthe winter

This is called brown fat, which is found This is called brown fat, which is found across the back and shoulders, close to an across the back and shoulders, close to an animal’s organsanimal’s organs

Brown fat works hard to deliver quick Brown fat works hard to deliver quick energy to an animal coming out of energy to an animal coming out of hibernationhibernation

Can you think of any animals Can you think of any animals that hibernate?that hibernate?

BearBear

hedgehoghedgehog

LadybirdLadybird

SnakeSnake

SquirrelsSquirrels

BatsBats

RecapRecap

How do animals prepare for winter?How do animals prepare for winter? What is hibernation and why do animals What is hibernation and why do animals

hibernate?hibernate? Identify some animals that hibernateIdentify some animals that hibernate What are some dangers of hibernation?What are some dangers of hibernation?

Chapter4 Lesson 3 How are plantChapter4 Lesson 3 How are plants adapted to Their Environmentss adapted to Their Environments

How are plants adapted to their How are plants adapted to their environment?environment?

Each biomes plant adaptationsEach biomes plant adaptations

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