Chapter 4

COLONIAL GROWTH

SECTION 1Life in the Colonies

NEW ENGLAND• Population Boost

• Women married early and formed large families

• Food Source

• Small farms depended on subsistence farming

• Subsistence farming: generally produce enough food to meet needs of families

NEW ENGLAND• Commerce

• Shipbuilding and Lumber Production

• Fishing

MIDDLE PASSAGE• Shipping of Enslaved Africans from Africa to West Indies

• Olaudah Equiano-

• First African American Literature “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”

• His narrative caused the British Slave Trade Act in 1807 (ended slavery)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REXNr-PUlnk

MIDDLE COLONIES• Commerce

• Cash crops

• Crops that could be sold into markets in colonies or overseas (wheat & livestock)

• Milder climate

• Fertile soil

• Iron Mills, Lumbering, Mining

MIDDLE COLONIES• Immigration (1607-1775): Near million people live there

• Mostly Germans (farmers)

• Most tolerance toward religions and cultures

Dori’s Descendant

SOUTHERN COLONIES• Commerce

• Plantations!

• Tobacco

• Virginia & Maryland

• First used indentured servants, but then switched w/ slaves

• Rice

• Georgia & South Carolina

• Slaves

SLAVERY • Overseers: Bosses who kept slaves working

• Slave Codes: Strict Rules over slaves

• No education

• Whipped or burned for crimes

SECTION 2Government, Religion, & Culture

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION• Charles II’s son James II attempts to take over supreme power

• Parliament put James into exile and replaced him with his daughter Mary and husband William of Orange (Dutch man)

• Elected Representatives more powerful than monarch

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION• William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights

• DBQ TIME

MERCANTILISM DBQ

MERCANTILISM• Nation’s power wealth

• England depends on more exports than imports

• Navigation Acts (1651 & 1673)

• Colonies could only use English ships

• Colonies can only trade with England

• Reaction to Navigation Acts

• Colonists started to smuggle

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxmB2DB10Ts

CHARTER COLONIES• Colonies given grants and privileges

• Elect own governors & members of legislature

• (Connecticut & Rhode Island)

PROPRIETARY COLONIES• Ruled by Proprietors

• Proprietors appointed governors & legislature

• (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania)

ROYAL COLONIES• Directly ruled by Britain

• King appointed Governor & council

VOTING RIGHTS• Only white men with property can vote

GREAT AWAKENING• “New Birth” (1720s-1740s)

• Jonathan Edwards- powerful emotional preacher

• George Whitefield

FAMILY LIFE• Fathers head of households

• Sons as apprentices to artisans

• Women were under men’s authority

EDUCATION• New England had 85% literacy rate of men & 50% women

• Harvard (Puritans)

• William and Mary (Anglicans)

ENLIGHTENMENT• Movement that believed knowledge, science, and reason improved society

• Benjamin Franklin

SECTION 3 FRANCE & BRITAIN CLASH

CAUSE OF FRENCH-INDIAN WAR• Ohio River Valley

• Colonists pushing into French Lands

• French dislike encroachment

NATIVE AMERICANS• French had many allies

• Only interested to Trade

• Britain had few

• Wanted to take land

• Iroquois Confederacy (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)

GEORGE WASHINGTON• Attempted to take back Ohio River Valley

• Led inexperienced militia to take Fort Duquesne

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION• Benjamin’s attempt to unite all colonies under one government

• Never worked

• Colonies did not want to give up power

SECTION 4: THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR• Edward Braddock sent from England with George Washington

• Marched to Fort Duquesne

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphUZDdMpZA

SEVEN YEARS WAR• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klsUToJ8MhY

PITT TAKES CHARGE• Promised Great Britain would pay for supplies of war

• (Cause of taxation on Colonists after the war)

FALL OF NEW FRANCE• British take Quebec from France

• TREATY OF PARIS 1763

• Britain gained Canada and lands east of Mississippi from France

• Britain gained Florida from Spain