chapter 4 (students)
DESCRIPTION
biologyTRANSCRIPT
TEACHING AND LEARNING MODULE
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH
BIOLOGY
MODULE 4
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF THE CELL
STUDENTS NAME :
FORM :
TEACHERS NAME :
CONCEPTUAL MAP
THEME: INVESTIGATE CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE
CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
4.1 UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
4.1.1 ELEMENT IN THE CELL
(C.K. PB01)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
Main Element needed by cell to build chemical compound in the cell.
All the element in the form of ions.
Remark: Nucleic acid will be discuss in chapter 5.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
Complete the table belowNOCHEMICAL COMPOUND
CARBOHYDRATEPROTEINLIPID
1MAJOR ELEMENTC,H,OC,H,O,N,S,PC,H,O
2BASIC UNITGLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE
*GLUCOSE IS ALSO A MONOMER FOR CARBOHYDRATEAMINO ACID
GROUP OF AMINO ACIDS:
I. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
2 NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
* AMINO ACIDS IS ALSO A MONOMER FOR PROTEINFATTY ACID & GLYCEROL
1. 1 GLYCEROL + 1 FATTY ACID MONOGLYCERIDE
II. 1 GLYCEROL + 2 FATTY ACIDS DIGLYCERIDE
III. 1 GLYCEROL + 3 FATTY ACID TRIGLYCERIDE
3TYPES
4SOURCECEREALMILKANIMAL FAT
5IMPORTANCE/
FUNCTION
6STRUCTUREI GLUCOSE:
II STARCH
III CELLULOSE
IV GLYCOGEN
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
I. PRIMARY
II. SECONDARY
III.TERTIARY
IV QUARTERNARY
*TIPS USE 2 DIFFERENT COLOUR FOR THE QUARTERNER STRUCTURE
LIPIDS STRUCTURE
I. MONOGLYCERIDE
II DIGLYCERIDE
III TRIGLYCERIDE
7STRUCTURAL FORMATION PROCESSI. GLUCOSAE + GLUCOSE
MALTOSE + AIR
PROCESS:
II
PROCESS:
III PROCESS:
IV
PROCESS:
AMINO ACID + AMINO ACID
DIPEPTIDE + WATER
PROCESS:
II
PROCESS:
1 GLYCEROL + 3
AMINO ACIDS
TRIGLYCERIDE +
3 WATER
*REMARK:
I.Definition of condensation is a process which involves the removal of a water molecule when
a bond is formed between two molecules.
2Experiment refer chapter 7
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
NOCHEMICAL COMPOUND
WATERFIBREVITAMIN MINERAL SALTS
1MAIN ELEMENT
2SOURCE
3IMPORTANCE
/FUNCTIONI
II
III
REFER TABLEREFER TABLE
* Remark: C.K. KB03&KB04 Experiment to identify the water content in the young leaf and mature leaf.
THE IMPORTANCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF DEFICENCY OF VITAMIN
VITAMINSOURCEIMPORTANCEDEFICIENCY
A
B
C
D
E
K
ACTIVITY 1: Conceptual map to help student give a definition of vitamin using all the information given. Fill in all the facts in
the given space and write a definition of vitamin.
VITAMIN CONCEPTUAL MAP
DEFINATION OF VITAMIN : ____________________________________________________________________
THE IMPORTANCE AND CONSEQUENCE OF DEFICIENCY OF MINERAL SALTS
MINERAL SALTSOURCEIMPORTANCE/ FUNCTIONDEFICIENCY
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Sulphur
potassium
Ferum/ iron
iodine
ACTIVITY 2 : EVALUATING
Table below shows mineral content in the several types of meat.
Types of meatMineral %
chicken1.1
duck1.1
cow0.9
goat1.0
rabbit1.5
Write a simple report about the judgement of the contents of mineral in the types of meat given in the table. This report should be able to guide the housewife to choose the suitable meat for the growth and healthiness of the family.
Scheme:1. able to state the chosen meat.
2 reason why choose that meat.
3 able to relate the mineral content with the growth and health.
4 explain why other meat is not suitable to be chosen.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
4.2SYNTHESIZING THE CONCEPT OF ENZYME
C.K - KNOWLEDGE
4.2.1THE INVOLVEMENT OF SPECIFIC ORGANELLES IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ENZYME
A List all the organelles involved in the production of extra cellular enzyme
1 ..
2 ..
3..
4..
5 ..
6..
BWrite the sequence of formation and secretion of extra cellular enzyme in the
spaces given.
FIGURE 1
CDraw a figure to show the sequence of formation and secretion of
extra cellular enzymes.
*REMARKS: REFER TO FIGURE OF FORMATION AND SECRETION OF
EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES IN CHAPTER 2
4.2.2FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY
1.List all the factors affecting enzyme activity
I.
Ii.
Iii
Iv..
2 IDraw graph of all the factors affecting enzyme activity..
iiexplain each of the graph.
1. Temperature
2 pH
Graph explanation
Graph explanation
3 Enzyme concentration 4 Substrate concentration
Graph explanation
Graph explanation
3Table below shows the result of experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Test tube Enzyme concentration
(%)
Time taken for complete hydrolysis
( minute)Reaction rate, 1/t
1/ time
(minute -1 )
A16.76.0
B33.33.0
C50.02.0
D66.71.5
E83.31.5
F100.01.5
TABLE : SHOW THE RESULT OF EXPERIMENT EFFECT OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION ON ENZYME REACTION RATE.
I.Complete the above table.
IiDraw graph enzyme reaction rate against enzyme concentration according to the above table.
iii.According to the above graph, explain how enzyme concentration affect rate of reaction.
..
..
Teachers guide:
P1- as the concentration of enzyme increases (16.7%- 50.0%) , rate of
reaction increases (0.17 -0.50 minute-1 )
P2- until its maximum level ( 0.5 mint -1)
P3- after maximum level rate of reaction remain constant where substrate is
limiting.
4.2.3MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION
1.Enzyme action is a ____________________________because there were ____________________whose shape is complementary to the enzyme known as ____.
2.Complete the mechanism of enzyme action.
(LOCK AND KEY HYPHOTESIS )
3. Explain how pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration effect the mechanism of enzyme action .
FactorsMechanism of enzyme action
Temperature
pH
4. Example of biochemical reaction.
Enzyme action Biochemical reaction Enzyme
IntracellularCell respiration ATP sintetase
Extracellular
5.State the definition of enzyme
..
scheme: Enzyme are proteins which act as biological catalysts. They speed up biochemical reaction in the cell.
4.2.4THE USES OF ENZYMES IN DAILY LIFE AND INDUSTRY
APPLICATION ENZIM USAGE
Dairy industry Rennin
Lactase
Brewing industry Protease, amylase, cellulose
Biological detergentsProtease, lipase, amylase
Baking industryAmylase
Protease
Glucose oxidase
Meat industryProtease, papain
Textile industryAmylase
Leather industry Protease
Paper industry ligninase
4.3 REALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN
CELLS.
Chemical compound
Effect of deficiency
Carbohydrate No cell respiration without glucose
Protein No production of enzyme
Lipid Effect the formation/ production of cells
Nucleic acid There are no chromosome in the cells
Water Effect the cell metabolisme process.
CHEMICAL COMPOUND
ELEMENT
MAJOR
TRACE
ULTRATRACE
ORGANIC
CARBOHYDRATE
PROTEIN
LIPID
VITAMIN
FIBRE
WATER
MINERAL SALTS
ENZIM
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
NAMING
SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
CLASIFIYING
FACTOR AFFECTING ENZYME
MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION
DEFINITION
USES OF ENZYME IN DAILY LIFE AND INDUSTRY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
NON-ORGANIC
ELEMENT
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
MAJOR
TRACE
ULTRATRACE
ORGANIC
NON ORGANIC
WATER
MINERAL SALT
KARBOHIDRAT
FUNCTION
__________________________________________________________
Jenis sebatian
TYPE OF COMPOUND
_________________
VITAMIN
AMOUNT NEEDED
___________________________________
SOURCE
_____________________________________________
sumber
ENZYME
CLASS OF ENZYME
CHARACTERISTIC OF ENZYME
BASIC CONCEPT OF NAMING ENZYME ASE
Example: amylase,
EXTRACELLULAR
INTRACELLULAR
Definition;
Example:
Definition:
Example:
1nucleus
2ribosomes
3Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
4Golgi body
5secretory vesicle
6transport vesicle
The instruction for making the extracellular enzyme is transcribed from DNA to RNA in the nucles
nucleus
RNA
Golgi body
Transport vesicle
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Secretory vesicle
* use graph paper.
+
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
Enzyme
Product
Teachers guide:
1. Make sure the shape of the substrate is complementary to the enzyme.
2. Make sure enzyme is in its original shape after the reaction.
PAGE 1