chapter 4 the earth’s ecosystems section 1 land biomesland biomes section 2 marine...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems
Section 1 Land Biomes
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Preview
Concept Mapping
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Bellringer
• What is a biome?• List seven land biomes.
Write your answers in your science journal.
Chapter 4
• Distinguish between abiotic factors and biotic factors in biomes.
• Identify seven land biomes on Earth.
Objectives
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
The Earth’s Land Biomes
• Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an environment.
• Biotic Factors Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment.
• Biomes A biome is a large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in the area.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Forests• Temperate Deciduous Forests In a temperate
deciduous forest, mammals, birds, and reptiles thrive on the many leaves, seeds, nuts, and insects.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Forests, continued
• Coniferous Forests Coniferous forest has evergreen trees and many animals must hibernate through the cold winters.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Forests, continued• Tropical Rain Forests Tropical rain forests
have a greater variety of organisms than any other biome.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Grasslands• Temperate Grasslands
Temperate grasslands have few trees, and many different kinds of seed and grass-eating animals.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Grasslands, continued• Savannas A grassland that has scattered clumps of
trees and seasonal rains is called a savanna.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Deserts• Dry and Hot Biomes that are very dry and
often very hot are called deserts.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4
Tundra• Polar Tundra In polar tundra, the layer of soil
beneath the surface soil stays frozen all of the time. This layer is called permafrost.
• Alpine Tundra Alpine tundra also has permafrost. But alpine tundra is found at the top of tall mountains.
Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes
Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Bellringer
What are some abiotic factors in marine ecosystems?Are these abiotic factors different from the abioticfactors in land biomes?
Record your responses in your science journal.
Chapter 4
• List three abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems.
• Describe four major ocean zones.
• Describe five marine ecosystems.
Objectives
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Life in the Ocean• Abiotic Factors Marine ecosystems are shaped
by abiotic factors including water temperature, water depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the water.
• Plankton Trillions of plankton live in the ocean. Plankton are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Temperature• Depth and Temperature The temperature of
ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Depth and Sunlight• The Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is the place
where the ocean meets the land.
• The Neritic Zone As you move farther away from shore, into the neritic zone, the water becomes deeper.
• The Oceanic Zone In the oceanic zone, the sea floor drops sharply
• The Benthic Zone The benthic zone is the ocean floor. The deepest part does not get any sunlight.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4
A Closer Look• Intertidal Areas Intertidal areas are found near the
shore. These areas include mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores.
• Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone. Reefs provide homes for many marine animals and plants.
• Estuaries An area where fresh water from rivers spills into the ocean is called an estuary. Plants and animals living in estuaries must be able to survive in a changing concentration of salt.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4
A Closer Look, continued• The Sargasso Sea An ecosystem called the
Sargasso Sea is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The ecosystem contains floating rafts of algae.
• Polar Ice The Arctic Ocean and the ocean around Antarctica have icy waters, which are rich in nutrients. Many fishes, birds, and mammals live in this ecosystem.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Bellringer
Can you think of four different freshwater ecosystems? Which of these ecosystems are similar to a marine ecosystem or a land biome?
Record your answers in your science journal.
Chapter 4
• Describe one abiotic factor that affects freshwater ecosystems.
• Describe the three zones of a lake.
• Describe two wetland ecosystems.
• Explain how a lake becomes a forest.
Objectives
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Stream and River Ecosystems• Water in Streams and Rivers The water in
brooks, streams, and rivers may flow from melting ice or snow. Or the water may come from a spring.
• Tributaries Each stream of water that joins a larger stream is called a tributary.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Tributary, River System, and Drainage Basin
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Pond and Lake Ecosystems• Life near Shore The are of water closest to the
edge of a lake or pond is called the littoral zone. The plants in the littoral zone are homes to small animals.
• Life Away from Shore The area of a lake or pond that extends from the littoral zone across the top of the water called the open-water zone. Beneath the open-water zone is the deep-water zone, where no sunlight reaches.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4
Wetland Ecosystems• Marshes A treeless wetland ecosystem where
plants, such as grasses, grow is called a marsh. Muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes.
• Swamps A wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow is called a swamp. Water lilies and other plants grow in standing water. Many fishes, snakes, and birds also live in swamps.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4
From a Lake to a Forest• Build Up of Sediments Water entering a
standing body of water usually carries nutrients and sediments. These materials build up on the bottom of the lake or pond.
• Formation of a Wetland Over time, the pond or lake is filled with sediments. Plants grow in the new soil and the pond or lake starts becoming a wetland. The wetland then may develop into a forest.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
land biomes marinebiotic factors freshwaterTundra abiotic factorsbiomes grasslands
Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems
Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems