chapter 5 industrial age. railroads lead the way railroad expansion allowed a few powerful...
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Railroads lead the Way Industries that benefited from Railroads Lumber Coal Iron SteelTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5Industrial Age
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Railroads Lead the Way•Railroad expansion allowed a few powerful individuals
to build a great fortune.
•Powerful people who controlled the rail traffic were called Rail Barons.
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Railroads lead the Way Industries that benefited from Railroads
• Lumber•Coal • Iron• Steel
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Railroads lead the Way
Railroad Technology•George Westinghouse - air brakes •George M. Pullman - Pullman sleeping car•Gustavis Swift - refrigerated cars• Eli H. Janney - Janney car couplers
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Railroads lead the Way
•As railroad companies consolidated, companies adopted a standard gauge of 4 feet, 8.5 inches as the width of the railroad track.
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Inventions•New inventions
revolutionized communications, making faraway places look closer.
• Telephone• Engine powered aircraft• Light bulb• Telegraph•Phonograph•Automobile
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Inventions
•Thomas Edison was called the wizard of Menlo Park
•Edison is responsible for inventing electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity
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Alexander Graham Bell
Bell is responsible for inventing the telephone service. This device revolutionized the communications.
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Inventions
• The assembly line meant that goods could be mass produced which would lead to products being sold more cheaply.
• Inventions helped unify the country and promoted economic growth.
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An Age of Big Business
Examples of Big Business •Railroads•Oil•Steel
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An Age of Big Business
Americans built fortunes in the oil and steel industry.
• Formed corporations• Formed trusts and monopolies•Used methods of vertical and horizontal integration
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An Age of Big Business
Vertical Integration•Purchase of companies
at all levels of production.
Horizontal Integration•Purchase of competing
companies in the same industry.
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An Age of Big BusinessAndrew Carnegie
• Steel industry•Vertical integration•Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune•Philanthropist
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An Age of Big BusinessJohn D. Rockefeller
•Oil industry•Horizontal integration•Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune•Philanthropist
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An Age of Big Business
Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business
•National markets created by transportation advances•Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller-oil; Andrew
Carnegie-steel; Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping and railroads)•Advertising• Lower-cost production
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An Age of Big Business
Factors that Resulted in Growth of Industry•Access to raw materials and energy•Availability of work force due to immigration• Inventions• Financial resources
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An Age of Big Business
•Philanthropist - The use of money to benefit the community.
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Industrial Workers•Factory workers worked under terrible conditions.
•Garment workers toiled in crowed and dangerous urban factories called sweatshops.
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Industrial Workers
Negative Effects of Industrialization
•Child labor•Low wages, long hours•Unsafe working conditions
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Industrial WorkersWorkers Form Labor Unions
• Laborers were working long hours in unsafe and unhealthy factory conditions.• Individually workers had little power.•By working together as a Union, they could put
pressure on employers to improve conditions.
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Industrial WorkersReason Outcome
Haymarket Riot Protest killing of striking workers the previous day
• Many Americans began associating unions with terrorism and disorder.
Homestead Strike Company cut wages • Plant reopened with non-union workers
• Steel workers union dwindled
Pullman Strike Company cut wages • Federal troops broke up strike
• Union movement weakened.
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Industrial Workers
•Companies hired strikebreakers to replace the striking workers.