Chapter 5 Section 3 & 4

THE ANCIENT GREEKS

Ionia

Goals of Pericles:Strengthen DemocracyHold and Strengthen the EmpireGlorify Athens

Athenian Political LifeDirect democracy

Citizens rule directly, not through representatives Paid public officials, citizen juries, law-making

assembly

Age of Pericles (461bc – 429bc)

Funeral Oration- Speech by PericlesStressed rights and duties of citizenshipEarliest expressions of democratic ideals

Economic and Cultural LifeMuch prosperityTurned Athens into the cultural center of Greece

Peloponnesian League- to counter Delian League

431bc – 404bc: Sparta captures AthensResults:

Ended Athenian dominationBut Athens still cultural center

Democratic government sufferedCorruption, self interest replaced ideal of service to

the stateMuch warfare among the city-states

Peloponnesian War

Phillip II- ruler of MacedoniaFather of AlexanderConquers Greece 338bc

Alexander becomes ruler when Phillip diesConquers Persian empire by 331bcEstablishes empire from Greece to Egypt and India

Legacy:Spread of Greek culture – most lasting achievementFounded Hellenistic Civilization

Blending of eastern and western culturesAlexandria- heart of Hellenistic world

Great center of learning Great opportunities for women

Alexander the Great