Chapter 5 Section 3

Beginnings of Sparta

*Late 1100s BC: Invaders from North conquered Peloponnesus-Helots: conquered workers

-Sparta: capital

Geography of Sparta*Located in valley

-Had walls (Defense)-Mountainous

*Sparta: develops into rigid, militarized society

-Keep Helots in line

Spartan Society Three Social Groups:1. Equals – descendants of

invaders - Controlled city-state. - Land divided among them.

2. Half Citizens – free, paid taxes, served in army.- no political power- farmed/traded

3. Helots – slaves (Largest)- Spartans decided where they would worked/lived-hated Spartans

Government in Sparta

Two Kings

Council of Elders 5 Ephors

Assembly

Government in Sparta1. Two Kings

-Home and Military

2. Council of Elders-60 yrs. Old

28 Men: wealthy aristocrats.Proposed laws and were court.

3. Assembly: Accepted/Rejected laws

passed by Council of Elders

4. Elected 5 Ephors: 1 year terms Ensured kings followed laws Controlled Education

Aries Artemis

God of War

Goddess associated with warriors and the young

Militaristic Society*Controlled all citizens

Birth to Death

*Everyone part of military machineControlled HelotsExpanded Spartan power

A Spartan Soldier*Birth: examined

Unhealthy: left to die

*Boys: Age 7 go to militaryEducation (military & academics)

*Age 18 – 20 trained for war*Age 20 began military service

A Spartan SoldierNo:

marriage home lifeBusiness or trade…….until 30!

~Love of money corrupt

*Eligible for Service until 60*After 60: work for public good,

not private gain.

Spartan Women*Women: strong/raise warriors

*Received strict trainingtaught to be devoted to city-state

Result of Militaristic Society~Unbeatable Army

~Loss of Freedom~Little Science, Literature or Philosophy Created

Location of Athens*Attic Peninsula: lacks fertile landSea traders

*Protected from enemies: Inland cityWalls

*Built around rocky hill: Acropolis

Athens 120 A.D.

Athenian Society Three Classes:1. Athenian

Citizens: only Athenian-

born MEN had full political rights.

2. Metics: Non-citizens born outside Athens.Artisans or merchantsFree/paid taxes Couldn’t participate in politics/own land

3. Slaves: often captured in war

~Necessary to society*Slaves and Metics = over ½ of Athen’s population

Early Government*Monarchy Aristocracy

--Land owning citizens held office*Elected 9 Archons:

--rulers who served 1 year terms.*Draco: created 1st law code in 621 B.C. (Harsh!)Nobles & Metics vs. Farmers for $$$

Poor sold into slavery.

Solon*Archon: Erased debts of poor

Outlawed slavery for debt-Freed those who were

slaves for debt.

*Citizens divided into 4 groupsRichest 2 could hold officeAll citizens could vote

Solon

Peisistratus*546-527 BC: Tyrant ruler of Athens

*Supported Lower classesClashed with nobles

*After his son’s rule, nobles returned to power briefly.

Athenian Democracy*Cleisthenes: 507 BC: turned Athens into a Democracy

*10 Tribes: each choose 50 MenCouncil of 500 – Proposed laws

*Assembly had final say on laws*Court jurors chosen from citizens

Athenian vs. U.S. Democracy*Direct Democracy – all citizens

participated directly in making decisions

Or

*Representative Democracy – citizens elect representatives to govern for them.