Chapter 5:

The Road To Revolution

How did the relationship between

Britain and the colonies fall apart?

Pictures from: http://www.answers.com/topic/french-and-indian-war-map-png and

http://www.glencoe.com/qe/images/b96/q2453/tak8_procl.gif

Section 1:

Trouble of the Frontier

How did the British gain French territory

in North America?Pictures from: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/us.capitol/one.jpg

Question #3:

Why were the British concerned about

French activity in the Ohio River

Valley?

• The British also claimed the Ohio River

Valley

Competing Empires

• France and Britain wanted control of North America

• The French territory extended from Canada (New France) through the Great Lakes and the Ohio River Valley

• The Colonists need for more farmland, and the British want for control, caused them to extend further west

Conflict With Native Americans

• French lived among the Natives and only

wanted to trap furs

• British hunted N-A animals, took land

for farming, and relations were not good

between the N-As and the British

French and Indian War Begins

• French start building forts

• VA Colony upset because they claimed land

in the Ohio River valley

• George Washington goes to Fort Duquesne

• French refuse to give in

• Washington builds Fort Necessity 50 miles

south

Native American Allies

• Hurons, Algonquins

• + For the French

• Trappers NOT

farmers

• Traded Did Not Take

the N-A land

• Iroquois

• - For The British

• Farmers

• Took N-A Lands

• Broke Alliances

•No Respect for N-A

• + Joseph Brant

The Albany Congress

• British Govt. called meeting of colonial delegates

• British wanted the colonies to agree to cooperate in defending themselves

• Invited the Iroquois in the hope to make an alliance they did not come

• Benjamin Franklin draw “Join or Die” and publishes it in the Pennsylvania Gazette

“Join, or Die”

The sections represent the parts of the snake

Without sticking together the colonies

would not survive

Franklin’s Plan

• Council of Representatives elected by the

colonial assembly

• Council has authority over western

settlements, alliances with N-As, and

other urgent/immediate matters

• Could organize and army and collect

taxes to pay for expenses

The Outcome

• Albany Congress APPROVES the plan

• COLONIAL Assemblies REJECT the plan

• Franklin “.. Everyone cries, union is

necessary, …but behave like wet noodles”

when it comes time to take action.

British Defeats

• Braddock defeated at Fort Duquesne

• Fort Niagara

• Fort William Henry

• Fort Oswego

Question #8: What fatal errors did

General Braddock make?

• He tried to fight using European war tactics

• Did not adapt to North American Conditions

• Would not listen to Indian guides

British Turn the Tide

• William Pitt takes over as Prime Minister

• James Wolfe becomes lead general

• They capture a French fort and rename it

Fort Pitt (later know as Pittsburgh)

• The Iroquois see these victories and become

allies with the British

• British take Quebec and the French concede

Question #9: What was the outcome of

the Battle of Quebec?

• The British defeated the French

• The French were no longer able to defend

their territory

• The French ceded lands

• The British controlled lands from the

Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River

Land given to Britain after the

French and Indian War

Picture from: http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/docs/119.JPG

Question # 5:

How did the French and Indian

War affect the 13 colonies? How

did most colonists feel about

helping the British?

• The colonies could expand farther west

after the war

• Most probably wanted to help the British

because they wanted to be safe from the

French and their N-A allies

How might the outcome influence

relations between the British and the

American colonists?

• Colonists might feel grateful to Britain

for pushing back the French & N-As

Section 2:

The Colonists Resist Tighter Control

How did the French and Indian War

draw the colonists closer together, but

increase friction with Britain?

Effects of The French and Indian War

• France loses its North American possessions

• Britain is left with a large debt

• Colonists develop a sense of unity

• Colonists begin settling in the Ohio River

Valley

• N-As resist colonists settling in the Ohio River

Valley

Pontiac’s War

• Leader of Ottawa nation

• Formed an alliance of Western N-As

• 1763 they attack British forts and settlements

• 2,000 or more settlers killed

• Colonists attack N-A groups that were not

involved

• British defeat Pontiac and his N-A allies

Proclamation of

1763

• Britain realizes they need to make peace with the N-As

• British govt. goes behind the backs of the colonists

• Proclamation of 1763 banned colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mts.

• Those already there had to move back east

Pictures From: http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/HTALLANT/courses/his318/maps/na-1763.gif

Colonist’s Reaction

• OUTRAGED!

• They were proud of their contribution to the

French and Indian War

• Although sectionalism was still strong in

the 13 colonies, many believed themselves

to be moving further from the lives of

people over in Britain

Britain’s Reaction

• Britain was in deep debt after the French

and Indian War

• They believed it was the colonists’ duty to

help pay off that debt

• They continued to have troops in the

colonies to protect settlers from N-A raids

and from the French moving back in

Britain Imposes Taxes and Rules

• Sugar Act

• Quartering Act

• Stamp Act

• Townshend Acts

• Boston Massacre

• Tea Act

• Intolerable Acts

Sugar Act

• 1764

• Duty (tax) on molasses and several other

items

• Smugglers fought the act

• Severe punishment for smuggling

• Colonists are outraged, angry

Quartering Act

• 1765

• Purpose of the Act to save money

• Colonists had to house British soldiers

• Provide food and other supplies

• Colonists were OUTRAGED

PROTESTED

Stamp Act

• 1765

• Special stamps were required

• Newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, dice. Contracts, etc

• COLONISTS WERE OUTRAGED!!!!

Picture from: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/stampactprotest.jpg

Colonists Reactions

• VA House of Burgesses passed several

resolutions that they had the right to tax alone

• Patrick Henry made a speech attacking the Stamp

Act

• “If this be treason, make the most of it.”

• Boycotts developed

Stamp Act Congress

• October 1765

• Meet in NY

• Petition the king to end the Sugar Act and Stamp Act

• 1766 The Stamp Act is ended

• However, Declaratory Act is passed

• Parliament has complete control/authority over the colonies

Townshend Acts

• 1767

• Britain tried to make a law they thought

would mend ties with the colonists

• Britain would no longer tax products or

activities in the colonies

• It would only tax products brought INTO the

colonies (IMPORT TAX)

Writs of Assistance

• Townshend Acts set up a way to enforce

the law

• British custom officers had the right to

search and seize goods they thought to be

illegally brought into the colonies

• Colonists felt this went against their

rights as British citizens

More Dissent and Division

• Townshend wanted to weaken the

colonial assemblies because they refused

to pay taxes and house soldiers under the

Quartering Act

• Parliament suspended the assembly in

NY and other places

• Colonists react by boycotting goods

Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770

• Boston

• Angry mob surrounds soldiers an taunts

them

• Frightened soldiers fire into the crowd

• Killed five people and wounded others

Outcome

• Governor Hutchinson sent 9 British

officers to trial

• John Adams defended them

• 2 soldiers were convicted and had their

thumbs branded

Colonial Reaction the

Boston Massacre

• Outrage

• Committees of Correspondence

• Sam Adams and others send letters to the

other colonies

• Paul Revere makes his engraving of

events to use as propaganda and gain

support from the other colonies

Section 3:

From Protest to Rebellion

How did the British tax policies move the

colonists closer to rebellion?Picture From: http://www.amoeba.com/dynamic-images/blog/image.jpg

The Tea Act

• 1773

• British East India Co given a monopoly on tea

• Colonists were boycotting tea which hurt the company

• The Tea Act actually LOWERED the price of tea

• The colonists problems with the act…

NO TAXATION

WITHOUT

REPRESENTATION!!!!!

Tea Act Cont.

• Act gave the British East India Co. aMONOPOLY

• Monopoly: total control of a market for a certain product

• This hurt colonial merchants

• Smugglers bought tea from the Dutch

• Colonists argued that even though the cost decreased they did not feel they should have to pay a tax at all

Pictures From: http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/temple/images/tea_party.jpg

Boston Tea Party

• Sons of Liberty threatened ship captains

who were bringing in the East India Co Tea

• Threatened merchants buying the tea

• No tea unloaded in NY, Philadelphia, and

other places

• Gov. of MA said they would unload the tea

• Sons of Liberty and others OUTRAGED

Boston Tea Party

Cont.

• December 16, 1773

• Sons of Liberty disguised as Indians raid the

ship

• Threw hundreds of cases of tea into the

harbor

• Destroyed 90,000 pounds of tea

Intolerable Acts

• Closed the port of Boston

• Increased the powers of the royal governor by abolishing the upper house of MA legislature

• Cut town meetings

• 1765 Quartering Act

• Quebec Act Quebec’s new territory took away land in the Ohio River Valley

Colonist’s Reactions

• Many colonists from other colonies try to

help the MA colonists

• Committees of Correspondence meets to

discuss what to do next

• First Continental Congress meets

First Continental Congress

• 1774 (September/October)

• Philadelphia

• All but GA sent delegates

• John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Jay, George Washington, Patrick Henry

• Asked to repeal the intolerable Act

• Said colonists had right to tax themselves

• Called to also be able to train a militia

• Called for a new boycott to British goods

SHOT HEARD ROUND THE

WORLD!!

• British govt had no intention of giving into the demands

• Colonists organize a militia known as MINUTEMEN (people ready to fight at a moments notice)

• General Thomas Gage sees how strong the militia was and he sends 700 troops to seize their arms and capture leaders

Paul Revere

• Patriot

• Silver Smith

• Sons of Liberty

• Committees of Correspondence

• Paul Revere and William Dawes set out along

with several other Sons of Liberty to let people

in Lexington and Concord know the British

were coming.

• Lexington the FIRST BATTLE of the American

Revolution

• Larger battle occurred in Concord, MA

• LEXINGTON and CONCORD beginning of the

American Revolution

Section 4:

The War Begins

How did the American Revolution begin?

Pictures from: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/images/committ.jpg http://www.photosfromonhigh.com/FtTiconderoga.jpg

Second Continental Congress

• Philadelphia

• May 1775

• Thomas Jefferson (VA), John Hancock

(MA), Benjamin Franklin (PA)

• Divided about what action to take next

Second Continental Congress

• NE wanted to declare independence

• Several wanted to take less drastic actions

• Set up Continental Army

• George Washington Commander

• Printed paper money

Patriots vs. Loyalists

• Patriots

• Fought for

independence from

Britain

• Loyalists

• Those colonists who

remained loyal to the

King

Patriots Advantages

• Owned rifles and were good shots

• Great leader in George Washington

• Would fight hard to defend their own

land

Patriots Disadvantages

• Few cannons, little gunpowder

• No Navy

• Poorly organized and untrained army

British Advantages

• They were well trained, experienced

troops

• Best Navy in the world

• Many colonists were still loyal to the king

and Britain (LOYALISTS)

British Disadvantages

• Red Coats

• Not good at fighting in North America

• 3,000 miles from home

• Hard to get supplies

Olive Branch Petition

• Second Continental Congress delegates wanted to

try and restore peace, even though Battle of

Lexington and concord had already occurred

• Petition sent to King George

• Colonists were still loyal to the king

• Asked King George to stop fighting the colonists

and try to resolve things peacefully

• Petition Fails King George says NO WAY

Declaration of Causes and Necessities

of Taking up Arms

• Passed by second Continental Congress

• Written by some including Thomas

Jefferson

• Stated colonists were ready “ to die freemen

rather than to live as slaves.”

Attack on Fort Ticonderoga

• May 10, 1775

• Ethan Allen and Green Mountain Boys

• Make a surprise attack on the British and take the fort

• Importance…

• Main route to Canada and Hudson River Valley

• Patriots needed Canons

Early Battles

• Breed’s Hill (Bunker Hill)

• Battle of Quebec

The World Turned Upside Down

Music From: http://www.earlyamerica.com/music/WorldUpsideDown.midi