chapter 5 tissues. epithelial covers the body surface and organs, lines the inner cavities, glands...
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Chapter 5
Tissues
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Epithelial• Covers the body surface and organs, lines the
inner cavities, glands• External- protects from drying out, injury, and
bacteria• Internal-protection, secretions, specialization
(mucus, cilia, microvilli)• Cells packed tightly together, little matrix• Lack blood vessels• Anchored to underlying tissue at basement
membrane• Squamous, cuboidal, columnar• Simple (single layer) Stratified (several layers)
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Simple Squamous• Flattened cells• Single layer• Found in the body
where the layer of cells must be thin to permit efficient diffusion and filtration
• Thin, delicate, easily damaged
• EX: blood vessels (capillaries) alveoli (lungs) body cavities
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Simple Squamous Epithelial
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Simple Cuboidal
• Single layer, cubed shaped cells
• kidneys, liver, ovaries, glands (salivary, thyroid), pancreas
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Simple Cubodial Epithelial
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Simple Columnar• Elongated, single layer• Frequently secrete a
product, also absorption
• May be ciliated (fallopian tubes) or non-ciliated
• May have microvilli for absorption (intestines)
• Wall of the uterus, stomach, small intestines
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Simple Columnar Epithelial
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Stratified Squamous• Must resist
constant wear and tear
• Thick with layers• Outer layer of skin is
strengthened and toughened with keratin (protein)
• Mouth, anus, esophagus, vagina- no keratin here
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Pseudostratified Epithelium
• “appears” to be layered but is not
• Cilliated cells line respiratory tract, nasal, trachea, bronchi
• Contain goblet cells which secrete mucus and the ciliated cells move debris along the surface
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Pseudostratified Tissue
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Transitional Epithelium
• Ability to expand and regain its shape
• Urinary bladder, uterus, etc.
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Glandular Epithelium• Manufacture and secrete a
substance• “Gland”• Singular- mucus goblet cell or
Group cells• Exocrine- secrete into ducts that
open onto surfaces like the skin or digestive tract (Salivary, sweat)
• Endocrine- secrete directly into the bloodstream (Thyroid, pituitary)
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Glands
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Body Membranes
• Lines the internal sides of cavities and surrounds organs; line the tubes that open to the outside
• Contain other structures passing through it…blood vessels, nerves, etc.
• Divide areas of the body into compartments
• Anchor organs to other structures
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Mucus Membranes
• Line the interior wall of organ and tubes that open to the outside
• Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive• Epithelium overlying connective tissue• ET contains goblet cells that secrete mucus• Mucus protects from bacteria and viruses• Mucus in stomach protects from digestive
enzymes
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Serous Membranes• Line the thoracic and abdominal cavities and their
organs• Simple squamous overlying connective tissue• Secrete a clear watery fluid that provides lubrication• Pleural membranes in thoracic cavity…pleurisy
(infection of the pleural and parietal membranes around the lungs)
• Pericardium (surrounds the heart)• Peritoneum –abdominal cavity….Peritonitis- infection of
the peritoneum (appendix bursts)• Mesentery- peritoneum doubles back to form support
for internal organs (intestines)• Parietal (body wall) … Visceral (organ lining)
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Synovial Membranes• Line the cavities of freely movable joints (knee,
elbow, shoulder)does not contain epithelial tissue…connective tissue (cartilage)
• Secrete a clear watery liquid (synovial fluid) that lubricates the ends of the opposing bones….nourishes the cartilage at the ends of the bones
• Rheumatoid arthritis- membrane becomes inflamed and grows thicker…fibrous tissue invades the joint and makes the joint bony and stiff
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Meninges• Membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
• All connective tissue
• Meningitis – infection of the meninges
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Cutaneous Membrane
• Skin
• Thin outer layer of stratified squamous attached to a thicker layer of connective tissue