Chapter 5.2What Is Sleep?

©2013 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Gazzaniga • Heatherton • Halpern

FOURTH EDITION

Psychological SciencePsychological Science

CLICKER QUESTIONS

From which stage is it the most difficult to awaken a sleeper?

A. Stage 1

B. Stage 2

C. Slow-wave sleep

D. REM

E. There is no difference between them.

From which stage is it the most difficult to awaken a sleeper?

A. Stage 1

B. Stage 2

C. Slow-wave sleep

D. REM

E. There is no difference between them.

In which stage would you expect to find sleep spindles?

A. Stage 1

B. Stage 2

C. Slow-wave sleep

D. REM

In which stage would you expect to find sleep spindles?

A. Stage 1

B. Stage 2

C. Slow-wave sleep

D. REM

If you slept eight hours at a regular time (11 pm to 7 am), when would you get most of your slow-wave sleep?

A. Early part (11 pm to 1 am)

B. Middle (2 am to 4 am)

C. Late (5 am to 7 am)

D. SWS is randomly distributed throughout the night.

E. It varies by individual.

If you slept eight hours at a regular time (11 pm to 7 am), when would you get most of your slow-wave sleep?

A. Early part (11 pm to 1 am)

B. Middle (2 am to 4 am)

C. Late (5 am to 7 am)

D. SWS is randomly distributed throughout the night.

E. It varies by individual.

When do humans dream?

A. During REM sleep

B. During non-REM sleep

C. During both REM and non-REM sleep

D. It depends on the individual

When do humans dream?

A. During REM sleep

B. During non-REM sleep

C. During both REM and non-REM sleep

D. It depends on the individual

Which best explains the “paradoxical” aspect of REM sleep?

A. Brain is in an active state.

B. Dreaming occurs, but body cannot move.

C. Muscles are paralyzed, but brain is in active state.

D. Brain is highly active, and body is highly active as well.

Which best explains the “paradoxical” aspect of REM sleep?

A. Brain is in an active state.

B. Dreaming occurs, but body cannot move.

C. Muscles are paralyzed, but brain is in active state.

D. Brain is highly active, and body is highly active as well.

Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted during darkness. Which area of the brain secretes

melatonin?

A. Anterior hypothalamus

B. Posterior hypothalamus

C. Adrenal gland

D. Pineal gland

Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted during darkness. Which area of the brain secretes

melatonin?

A. Anterior hypothalamus

B. Posterior hypothalamus

C. Adrenal gland

D. Pineal gland

Sleep apnea is becoming increasingly more prevalent in America. What happens to a person

during apnea?

A. The person falls asleep immediately and unexpectedly.

B. The person has difficulty falling asleep.

C. The person acts out his or her dreams during sleep.

D. The person stops breathing during sleep.

Sleep apnea is becoming increasingly more prevalent in America. What happens to a person

during apnea?

A. The person falls asleep immediately and unexpectedly.

B. The person has difficulty falling asleep.

C. The person acts out his or her dreams during sleep.

D. The person stops breathing during sleep.

Which sleep disorder is associated with obesity and heart disease?

A. Insomnia

B. Narcolepsy

C. Apnea

D. REM behavior disorder

E. Somnambulism

Which sleep disorder is associated with obesity and heart disease?

A. Insomnia

B. Narcolepsy

C. Apnea

D. REM behavior disorder

E. Somnambulism

The night after you took the MCAT, a grueling five-hour exam, you found that you slept an hour more than you typically do.

Which theory of sleep function best explains this increased sleep?

A. Restorative theory

B. Circadian rhythm theory

C. Facilitation of learning theory

D. All would explain it equally well.

The night after you took the MCAT, a grueling five-hour exam, you found that you slept an hour more than you typically do.

Which theory of sleep function best explains this increased sleep?

A. Restorative theory

B. Circadian rhythm theory

C. Facilitation of learning theory

D. All would explain it equally well.

Which neural region is highly active during REM and likely contributes to the emotional content of

dreams?A. Prefrontal cortex

B. Motor cortex

C. Brain stem

D. Amygdala

E. Visual cortex

Which neural region is highly active during REM and likely contributes to the emotional content of

dreams?A. Prefrontal cortex

B. Motor cortex

C. Brain stem

D. Amygdala

E. Visual cortex