Composed of people who have one or more

goals in common and share common ways

of thinking and feeling.

Have regular contact with

each otherShare some ways of thinking, feeling, &

behaving

Take one another’s behavior into account

Have one or more interests or goals in

common

Social Categories

People who share a

characteristic

Social AggregatePeople in the same place at the same time

• People who are emotionally close and know one another well

• Seek one another’s company

• Characterized by primary relationships:

• intimate (small and repeated)

• personal (face-to-face)

• caring• fulfilling

Primary GroupsEmotional

Support

Socialization

Conformity

• Impersonal interactions• Goal oriented• Characterized by

secondary relationships that involve only parts of your personality

Secondary Groups

Are these groups:• In regular contact?• Sharing ways of thinking, feeling, behaving?• Taking each other’s behavior into account?• Seeking a common goal?

Achieve a Goal

YOU AND YOUR CLASSMATES ARE GOING TO ACT OUT THE ASSIGNED SCENARIO.

Record whether each scenario is an example of a

Primary Group or a Secondary Group

AUDIENCE

Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2

PRIMARY groups not discussed in class.

Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2

SECONDARY groups not discussed in class.

Includes all people we socially interact with during our lifetime (both primary and secondary groups)

The Internet has greatly expanded our social networks

1. sense of belonging2. support and advice3. connections to new

groups (labor market)

4. communication between members of various groups

5. reinforcement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Individuals in a group or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal

Demands the best use of limited resources

EXAMPLE: Playing gamesDoing chores

Groups or individuals working against one another for a larger share of the reward

Defeating an opponent is the goalHaving a winner is essential!

Promotes unity/cooperation within opposing groups

Volunteering with the expectation of getting something in return Those participating may have different goals, but both parties benefit.

Reward not the relationships with others is the key.

EX. Wash mom’s car to take it out later

Soooo.....what’s in it for me?

I’ll lend you the money you need, but you’ve got to do something for

me!

I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine!

Individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of othersEX: Prisoners revealing secrets under pressureparents threatening punishment if misbehaving

Central element is domination.

Expressed most often subtly through social pressures (ridicule, rejection, etc.)

Milgram’s Obedience Experiment

Authority figures can coerce people to do things they normally

would not do.

Adapting behavior to match the people around us

Most people conform to avoid exclusion

People followed group 37% of the time even though the group was

clearly wrong

Kitty Genovese

Tendency for people to help in an emergency decreases as the

number of bystanders increases.

Use the Internet to locate an article that addresses each of the five types of

social interactions:

CooperationCompetition

Social ExchangeCoercion

Conformity

Behavior that

departs from

societal norms

Deviance

Look at me! I’m a

DEVIANT!

The Norm“Lean is Mean”

Positive• Behavior that

overconforms to social expectations

• Example: anorexia

Negative• Behavior that

underconforms to expected norms

• Example: obesity

TYPES OF DEVIANCEAre they

DEVIANTS?

Prostitutes

Reckless Drivers

Presidents of the U.S.

Career Women

Secondary Habitual breaking of

the law Part of the person’s

lifestyle Self-concept

centered around breaking the norms

Primary Occasional breaking

of the law Not part of person’s

lifestyle Does not affect self-

concept

TYPES OF DEVIANCE

BENEFITSClarifies norms and strengthens values associated with that normTemporary safety valveSocial Change

BENEFITS AND COSTS

COSTSErodes trustCan cause non-conforming behavior in othersExpensive

BENEFITS AND COSTS

Homework ActivityAs you pass through the

hallways and in your social interactions outside of school notice examples of deviance.

Come to class with three examples tomorrow!

• Two kids in Dunkin Donuts, they finish their donuts• On their way out, one asks the attendant for a napkin (less than polite)

• The young man uses the napkin on his way out the door and throws it on the ground in the parking lot

• What would you do?• Here’s what I did…I spoke up and said to the other young man, “Are you going to let him do that?” He shrugs his shoulders, points to his friend as he is walking across the street

• The other young man timidly comes back, picks up the napkin and throws it in the garbage can

• I told him he is better than his “friend” and a better person for picking up the napkin

Ms. Olson’s Example

What are things that people become addicted to? – write on boardDo you consider people that are addicted to these things deviants?Why? Why not?Does American society accept certain addictions more so than others? Why?

Is Addiction Deviance?

Addressing the Current Social Issues (p205)

Girls v. Boys Challenge

This is a girls’ versus boys’

challenge! Who can act out

the best deviant scheme in

the class? Using the ideas

about deviance that you

have either been a part of or

witnessed (of course school

friendly) you are to write and

perform a skit.

1. All group members must have a speaking AND acting role.

2. All group members must have a specific task:

Script writer Good copy - Typed A copy for each group member AND

one for teacher Make an effort to know your lines

Scene design Saved as a PowerPoint Presentation (H-

Drive) Minimum of three backgrounds

The following are requirements:

Choreographer Set directions – as the actors are

speaking there must be some sort of movement/action to the skit

Deviance design Developing the basic idea of the skit Details to be worked out by all group

members Costumes/Apparel

Actors must be in costume

The following are requirements:

3. Sign up for one of the above tasks Put your name at the top of a paper (one

for every person) Write down all work that you did as a

group member. All work must be documented on paper (paper trail)!

4. Length 3-5 minutes5. Practice! Practice! Practice!

The following are requirements:

Encourages conformity to society’s norms.SOCIAL CONTROL

Internal = Generalized Other

Lies within the individual

External = Sanctions

Formal and Informal Rewards and Punishments

A deviant behavior?What do you consider stealing?

•Petty theft – gum, soda•Grand theft – automotive•Plagiarism – stealing ideas, words

What stores have to deal with stealing?

•High end vs. low end

Shoplifting

Internal Social Controls Knowing/believing stealing is wrong

• Even in times of need?• “Citizen’s arrest” – other customers engaging suspicious activity

External Social Controls• Security tags• Cameras• Fines• Imprisonment

Shoplifting

Which methods are most effective?

Why?

Rank Country Prisoners Population (mil)

Incarcerations per 1,000

1 US 2,033,331 290.0 7.01

2 China 1,512,194 1,294.4 1.17

3 Russia 864,590 142.7 6.064 India 304,893 1,041.1 0.295 Brazil 284,989 178.5 1.66 Thailand 258,076 64.3 4.017 Ukraine 198,585 47.9 4.158 South

Africa 180,952 45.0 4.029 Iran 163,526 72.2 2.2610 Mexico 154,765 98.9 1.56

Top Ten Countries in # of Prisoners

Purpose is to control and punish lawbreakersComponents of the Criminal Justice System

• Police• Courts• Correctional system

Criminal Justice System

Does the Criminal Justice System …

• Provide Internal or External Social

Control?

• Give Formal or Informal

Sanctions?

• Control Positive or Negative

Deviance?

Uses threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions• Effectiveness depends on…

• Likelihood of getting caught (we don’t always get caught)

• Severity of punishment (fines vs electric chair)• How quickly the punishment takes effect (court system sluggish)

Do you think this approach to curbing crime is effective? Why or why not?

• Even though you know you can get caught speeding, do you still do it?

• Even though you can get caught drinking underage, do you still do it?

• Even though the sale and use of drugs is illegal, do you still take part in it?

Deterrence Approach

• Capital Punishment = the death penalty• Is it a deterrent?

Capital Punishment

NPR Clips

Blue: Abolished for all crimes Yellow-Green: Abolished for crimes except those committed in exceptional circumstances (e.g. crimes committed in time of war) Orange: Abolished in practice Reddish-brown: Legal form of punishment for heinous offenses

Blue states have no death penalty statute. Yellow-green states have a death penalty statute but have not executed anyone since 1976. Reddish-orange states have executed people since 1976.

• Research the Opposing viewpoints database (library databases)

• Print an article that supports your view on the issue of capital punishment (for or against)

• Read, highlight and outline the article• Write down a minimum of three

points/facts/statistics – from the article – that support your opinion

Capital Punishment

Punishment intended to make criminals pay for their actsNot intended for individuals to take personal vengeance• Enacted by designated officials only• If a mother takes the law into her own hands and kills her son’s murderer, she must answer to society for her action.

Retribution

Keeping criminals in prison• Protecting societyIf criminals are not on the streets, they are not committing crimes

Incarceration

• Attempts to resocialize criminals• Social and work skills that will help criminals

adjust to society• What percentage of criminals do you think are

sent back to prison within 5 years of their release?

RECIDIVISM• Return to criminal behavior• Why so high?

• Basic nature of offender• Influences of more hardened criminals (while in prison)• Stigma of being an ex-convict

Rehabilitation