chapter 6 section 1 pg.16 industrialization spreads
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Chapter 6 Section 1 Pg.16 Industrialization Spreads. Key factors for Industrialization. Location/Geography Natural resources Large supply workers Investors Financial systems (banks, loans) Political stability. New Industrial Powers Emerge. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6 Section 1Pg.16
Industrialization Spreads
Key factors for Industrialization
• Location/Geography• Natural resources• Large supply workers• Investors• Financial systems (banks, loans)• Political stability
New Industrial Powers Emerge• European countries and the United States race to
industrialize.• They had more natural resources– Coal– Iron
• Germany and the U.S. become industrial powers
Industrial Development in U.S.
• U.S. - same resources as Britain but more• Northeast industrializes first• Entrepreneurs eager to invest• Corporations - owned by
stockholders; goal is profit
Continental Europe
• Germany – pockets of industrialization (spread out)• Railroads become key factor for
industrialization• Imported British equipment &
engineers (1830’s)• Children sent to British schools
Technology and Industrial Growth
• Companies begin to hire chemists and engineers to create new products
• Steel production increases – American inventor Henry Bessemer
• Electric Power
New Methods of production• Interchangable parts – Identical components that can be used in place
of one another– Simplified both the assembly and repair of
products
• Assembly line– Workers add parts to a product that moves
along a belt from one station to the next.– Faster, cheaper and more efficient production
of goods
Transportation and Communication• Automobile – aka “Horseless Carriages”– Ford takes the lead in 1900’s – makes U.S. leader in
automobile industry• Airplanes – 1903– Orville and Wilbur Wright design first plane
• Telephone – 1901– Alexander Graham Bell (American) patented first
phone
The Wright 1903 Flyer
Improvements in Hospitals• 1840’s – anesthetic is used to
relieve pain during surgery• Florence Nightingale improves
sanitation and hygiene.• Joseph Lister – discovered how
antiseptics prevented infection• Medicine Contributes to
population growth• improved nutrition, public
sanitation and medical advances
“The very first requirement in a hospital is that it
should do the sick no harm”
City Life Changes• Skyscrapers are built for
businesses (American invention)
• Streets become cleaner• Urban renewal – rebuilding
of poor areas of a city.– Paved streets– Gas lamps, then electric lights
were used to illuminate streets
– Sewage systems were made• Slums remained– poorest families still forced to
live in over-crowded and poorly kept tenements
A New Social Order
Upper middle class – wealthy business owners and old aristocrats
Middle Class – mid-level business people, doctors, and scientists – begins growing rapidly
Lower class – unskilled workers and peasants.
Strict rules of etiquette governed… How people dressed How to give dinner parties How to pay a social call When to write letters How long to morn relatives
cult of domesticity – Idealized women and the home Women seen as tender, self-
sacrificing caregiver Provides a good home
Three Social ClassesMiddle Class Tastes and Values
Women’s Rights
Women want:Fairness in marriagedivorce,Property lawsTemperance lawsVoting rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. AnthonyAdvocated the end of slaveryEventually turned their
attention to women's rights.
Early Voices
Social Darwinism & RacismSocial Darwinism
• Social thinkers applied Darwin's ideas to society
• “Survival of the Fittest”
• Only the strong are meant to lead
• The most industrialized and powerful countries are meant to control the world
Might = Right
Racism
• Unscientific belief that one racial group is superior to another
• People claimed that the success of western civilization was due to the supremacy of the white race.
Freidrich: Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1810)
Romanticism Defined
• Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment/Industrial Rev.• A movement in art and ideas• A turn from reason to emotion• Deep interest in feelings, nature,
gothic horror, folk traditions
Freidrich: Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1810)
Freidrich: Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon (1830-1835)
Goya: The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
Goya
Romantic Literature• Myths, legends, & Fairy Tales –Often dark; castles; nationalism–Grimm Brothers’ Fairy Tales
• Gothic Horror–supernatural, violent, emotional–Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Realism: a reaction to Romanticism
Corot:
Millet: The Gleaners
Realism Defined• Represented in art and literature• Showed life as it is (Charles Dickens)• Interest in science and scientific
method–objective observation; reporting the
facts • Photography – captured the “real
world”
Sixth-plate daguerreotype by Richard Lowe of Cheltenham1850’shttp://www.daguerre.org/gallery/hannavy/1han.html