Chapter 6 Section 3

Life Substances

Carbon in Organisms Carbon has the ability to bond to itself

and many other elements Carbon can form single, double or

triple bonds—pg. 157 Carbon can form straight chains,

branched chains or rings

The ability to bond many different ways makes many different carbon structures possible

Carbon compounds vary greatly in size

All compounds containing carbon are called ORGANCIC

Large organic comounds--BIOMOLECULES

Polymers: A POLYMER is a large molecule

formed when many smaller molecules bond together Ex: glucose and fructose

Polymers are often formed through condensation-removing a H to form

CARBOHYDRATE A biomolecule composed of

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen w/a ratio of about 2 H and 1O for every carbon atom

Simplest type of carbohydrate is a MONOSACCHARIDE

Ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose,

POLYSACCHARIDES: These are the largest carbohydrate

molecules Composed of many monosaccharide

subunits Ex: glycogen, cellulose PG. 159-photos

LIPIDS Lipids are large biomolecules that are

made mostly of carbon and hydrogen w/small amounts of oxygen ex: fats, oils, waxes and steroids They are insoluble in water Imp. For proper organism function Explanation of SATURATED and

UNSATURATED fats—pg 160

PROTEINS A large, complex polymer composed

of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Essential to all life/provides structure for tissues and organs

Amino Acids—basic building blocks of all proteins

Proteins are bonded by PEPTIDE BONDS

More on Proteins Proteins come in a variety of shapes

and sizes Some consist of 2 or more amino acid

chains held together by hydrogen bonds

Proteins are the building blocks of many structural components of organisms

Proteins Proteins are important in contracting

muscle tissue, transporting oxygen in blood, providing immunity, regulating other proteins, etc.

ENZYMES Proteins that change the rate of a

chemical reaction (speed up reactions)

Enzymes work in nearly all metabolic processes

Action of Enzymes—pg. 162