chapter 7 & 8 more perfect union the federalist era
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Articles of Confederation Americans agreed country should be a republic Could not agree on organization and powers Favored a weak central governmentTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7 & 8More Perfect Union
The Federalist Era
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Articles of ConfederationMay 1776, Congress asked state to
organize their gov’ts and adopt a state constitution
Many states established bicameral legislaturesWanted to limit state powers Keep power in hands of people
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Articles of ConfederationAmericans agreed country should
be a republicCould not agree on organization
and powersFavored a weak central
government
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Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation adopted in
Nov. 17772nd Continental Congress1st Constitution – new central gov’tA firm league of friendship
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Articles of ConfederationCongress had authority:
Conduct foreign affairs Maintain armed forces Borrow money Issue currency
Congress could not Regulate trade Force citizens to join army Impose taxes No chief executive
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TroubleArticles did not provide a gov’t strong enough
to handle the problems facing the United States Especially money, imported taxes, slavery
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TroubleDemand for change
The Constitutional ConventionMay 1787Sessions not open to publicEvery state had one vote on
questionsGeorge Washington led meeting
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Constitutional ConventionConvention
Virginia Plan – strong central gov’tPlan called for a two-house
legislature, a chief executive chosen by the legislature, and a court system
New Jersey Plan One-house legislature, with one vote
for each state. Congress – could set taxes and regulate trade
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Constitutional ConventionGreat Compromise
Compromise between two proposed plans2-house legislature, House of
Representatives and SenateThree-Fifths Compromise
Every five enslaved persons would equal three free persons
Sept 17, 1787 – Constitution approved
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ConstitutionConstitution created a federal system
Sharing power between federal and state governments
Supreme Law of the Land3 branches
Legislature branch – law makingExecutive branch – carry out lawsJudicial branch – court system
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ConstitutionChecks and Balances
Each branch has ways to limit the power of the others so no single branch and dominate the government
May 1790 – Constitution was finally ratified by all states
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PresidentApril 30, 1789 – George Washington took
the oath of office as the 1st President of the U.S.
Dec. 1791 – Bill of Rights added to ConstitutionLimited powers of gov’t to protect peoples
rightsFederal court system, economy (debt),
banks, tariffs, and taxesNew capital created in Washington, D.C.
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Politicsmid-1790s – two distinct political parties
formedFederalists – favored strong federal gov’tDemocratic-Republicans – favored limited
gov’t powerSome differences between Federalists and
Republicans was 1) the basis of gov’t power and 2) about the role of ordinary people in gov’t
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PoliticsFederalists supported representative gov’t
Did not believe it was wise to let public become too involved in politics
Republicans feared a strong central gov’t Believed that democracy and liberty
would be safe only if ordinary people participated fully in gov’t
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ElectionsElection of 1796
1st time two candidates sought office from rival political parties
Held caucuses – meeting to chose their parties candidates
Federalists chose John AdamsRepublicans chose Thomas Jefferson
Adams – 71 electoral votesJefferson – 68 electoral votes
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PresidencyAdams would inherent the dispute with
FranceAdams sent delegates to Paris to
resolve issues but the prime minister refused to see them and sent three agents out who demand a loan and bribe from the Americans
Became known as the XYZ Affair