Chapter 7Growth and Division

“Era of Good Feelings”

Presidency of James Monroe One party controlled national politics

Republicans

Economic Nationalism

Second National Bank Protective Tariffs Improvements to transportation systems

Judicial Nationalism

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Established Supreme Court as final court

of appeal McCulloch v. Maryland

Bank is legal under “necessary and proper” clause

State can’t interfere with federal actions Gibbons v. Ogden

Federal control over interstate commerce

Nationalist Diplomacy

Andrew Jackson and the Seminoles Adams-Onis Treaty

Acquisition of Florida Monroe Doctrine

No European intervention in the Americas Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Austria,,

Prussia, Russia)

Section 2 – Early Industry

National Road Only great federally funded transportation

project of the time Most paid for by state and local

government and private businesses

Steamboats and Canals Erie Canal

Barges could carry more than wagons

Steamboat Robert Fulton

Barges could usually only go downstream but riverboats could go both ways

“Iron Horse” Peter Cooper

“Tom Thumb” – Not popular with everyone at first

Noisy, pollution, dangerous Advantageous

Faster Could go anywhere track could be laid Helped settle the west

Increased demand for iron and coal

Industrial Revolution Helped by the American free enterprise

system Incorporation laws, limited liability

Started in Northeast Samuel Slater, Francis Lowell Eli Whitney

Interchangeable parts Samuel Morse

Morse code, Telegraph

Rise of Large Cities

Industrialization drew people to the cities More people became educated

Worker Organizations Labor Unions Strikes

Family Farms Agriculture was country’s leading economic

activity North had prosperous farms, but industry

expanded, too South stayed tied to agriculture and slavery

Southern Economy

After Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin, textile mills that were booming in Britain wanted more and more cotton

The high demand for cotton created a huge demand for slave labor

From 1820 to 1860 slavery in the south tripled

Slavery

Task System – small farms or plantations, workers were given specific jobs to finish each day. When done they were allowed to do other things

Gang System – workers were put into work gangs that labored from sun-up to sun-down

Anti-Slavery Movement

Frederick Douglas was a former slave who became a leader of the antislavery movement

Slave Codes – state laws that forbade slaves from owning land, leaving without permission, or learning to read or write

Sec 4 Growing Sectionalism

In 1819 Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state

At the time the U.S. had 11 free and 11 slave states

This would upset the balance and spread slavery westward

The Missouri Compromise called for admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana Purchase

Later in 1819 Alabama became the 22nd state on Dec. 14, 1819

Election of 1824

Four Candidates – favored sons Henry Clay of Kentucky Andrew Jackson of Tennessee John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts William Crawford of Georgia

Henry Clay’s plan was called the American System – favored the national bank, the protective tariff, and nationwide internal improvements, like roads and canals

Jackson won the popular vote but no candidate won the majority in the Electoral College

So the House selected from the top 3

Clay was eliminated so he threw his support to John Quincy Adams

Adams won

Jackson accused Adams and Clay of a “corrupt bargain”

Jackson’s supporters took the name democrats

Election of 1828

John Quincy Adams VS Andrew Jackson

Bitter campaign, the first where both candidates participated in mudslinging

Jackson won the election with support from the West and South